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Callidium violaceum
Classification
Diagnostic Features of Larvae
- Mature larva. Head with gena rather broadly ferruginous, enclosing ocellus. One pair of ocelli present; lens large, oval, convex; pigmented spot rather indistinct. Mouthframe finely rugose and completely and strongly sclerotized beneath antenna. Ventral front margin of bead with a distinct sclerotized tubercle on acetabulum in which the condylus mandibulae rotates. Front margin of hypostoma broadly ferruginous. Antenna ferruginous, with second segment less than twice as long as third; third segment two and one-half times as long as broad; supplementary process conical, less than half as long as third segment. Maxilla with third segment of palpi as long as second and as long as third segment of labial palp. Prothorax with anterior half of pronotum with coarse lenticulate depressions and reddish setae; posterior half finely longitudinally striate; median cleavage line lightly impressed. Eusternum not clearly defined. Abdomen with ampullae very finely reticulate, dull; posterior transverse impression indistinct. Pleural discs distinct on segments three to six. Legs with femur longer than wide; femur and tibiotarsus dark brown.
Pupa. Length 9-17 mm.; maximum breadth 6 mm. Head with vertex visible from above; slightly elongate, with sides rounded, smooth and glabrous. Antennae with basal segment transversely rugose; extending as far as second abdominal segment where they are curved downward alongside mid femora to terminate near fore or mid coxae. Eyes scarcely protuberant, glabrous. Labrum triangular, with front margin rounded; transversely rugose, glabrous. Maxillary palpi enlarged apically. Pronotum rugose and glabrous, except for a few conical papillae above middle of posterior margin. Mesonotum smooth, except for a faintly striated, longitudinal, median line and a few short testaceous spines; scutellum with two to four stouter spines. Metanotum smooth, and with a few scattered, short, testaceous spines, each with an apical seta. Elytra and wings extending to fourth abdominal segment, the former appreciably shorter than the latter. Abdomen with tergites one to six each with a transverse group of short testaceous spines across posterior half; anterior half glabrous. Seventh tergite elongate, with hind margin produced medially into a right angle; posterior half bearing a few scattered spines. Eighth tergite elongate, about half as long as seventh, with sides subparallel and hind angles rounded; bearing about four short spines in middle. Ninth tergite extremely short, with hind margin almost straight and strongly rugose. Sternites smooth and glabrous. Pleura strongly protuberant, rugose, and glabrous. Legs with hind femora extending to between fourth and fifth abdominal segments. Functional spiracles present on first five abdominal segments, but vestigial ones on segments six and seven; peritreme broadly oval, thin, and raised well above general level of cuticle. Adapted from Duffy (1953).
Biology and Economic Importance
- Members of this tribe are known from various host plant families and several species are considered economically important. Species of this tribe are potentially invasive outside their native range.
Selected References to Larvae Specimens
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