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Apomecyna binubila
Classification
Diagnostic Features of Larvae
- Mature larva. Form moderately robust, cylindrical. Length up to 18.5 mm; maximum breadth (at prothorax) 3.6 mm. Head feebly depressed, widest at middle (maximum head-width 2.1 mm) and sides regularly rounded; antennal foramen narrowly but very distinctly open behind; frons strongly sclerotized, entirely ferruginous, strongly contrasting with the pale frontal sutures and bearing eight setiferous pores; six epistomal setae present. One pair of ocelli present; lens strongly convex; pigmented spot very distinct. Hypostoma flat, ferruginous; two pairs of paramedian setiferous pores present; sutures distinct, pitchy, slightly incurved. Gula region with a distinct, pale, median cleavage line. Antenna 2-segmented; segment 2 bearing a tapering hyaline process. Maxilla with segment 3 acutely conical, slightly longer than segment 2. Labial palpi with segment 2 slender, cylindrical, as long as segment 1. Mentum not distinct from submentum. Prothorax with a transverse orange-testaceous band just behind front margin; pronotum faintly striate posteriorly; eusternum well defined, with a few long setae. Abdomen with each dorsal ampulla with a single transverse furrow and two transverse rows of glabrous tubercles anterior to which are a few irregularly arranged ones. Ventral ampullae with two rows of tubercles. Segment 9 unarmed but bearing numerous stout reddish setae which are much coarser than those on remainder of abdomen. Epipleurum slightly protuberant on all segments. Pleural tubercle without sclerotized pits. Anus trilobed. Legs absent. Spiracles with peritreme very thick, subcircular; marginal chambers absent.
Pupa. Length up to 12 mm; maximum breadth 4.2 mm. Head with vertex partly visible from above, broadly but rather shallowly excavated between bases of antennae and densely setose or pubescent; front with about six pairs of long, stout setae; clypeus bearing six setae across base but transverse impression very feeble. Antennae extending as far as abdominal segment 2, where they are slightly curved downward to terminate opposite hind tarsal claws. Eyes feebly convex, glabrous. Mandibles each with two stout setae. Labrum semicircular, with several setae. Pronotum. with numerous short fine setae, especially along front margin, and several scattered, much stouter, longer setae around lateral margins. Mesonotum with several short setae on each side of scutellum which is scarcely protuberant. Metanotum with numerous scattered setae on each side of scutellar groove which is deeply transversely striate. Elytra and wings extending as far as abdominal segment 5. Abdomen with tergites 1-6 each with a transverse group of closely set, stout setae near posterior margin, anterior to which are numerous scattered spinules. Tergite 7 bearing numerous scattered, much larger, spines, especially across posterior margin. Tergites 8 and 9 short, transverse, bearing similar spines. Segment 9 bearing numerous stout, modified setae which are enlarged and truncate apically. Sternites bearing numerous very fine setae. Legs with femora each bearing several long curved setae; hind femora extending to abdominal segment 4; tarsi each bearing several setae on each segment. Functional spiracles present on abdominal segments 1-6; peritreme rather thick, broadly oval and slightly raised above general level of cuticle. Adapted from Duffy (1957).
Biology and Economic Importance
- Members of this tribe are known from various host plant families. Species of this tribe are potentially invasive outside their native range.
Selected References to Larvae Specimens
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