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Batocera wyliei
Classification
Diagnostic Features of Larvae
- Mature larva. Length up to 115 mm; maximum breadth (at prothorax) 23 mm. Head elongate, rather strongly depressed, widest at anterior third and strongly converging posteriorly. Frontal sutures indistinct; antennal foramen closed behind; mouthframe extremely strongly and very broadly sclerotized, pitchy; frons pitchy anteriorly, ferruginous posteriorly and with numerous setiferous pores; six epistomal setae present. One pair of ocelli present; lens round, feebly convex, pale, sharply contrasting with surrounding sclerotized cuticle; pigmented spot indistinct. Hypostoma fiat, ferruginous, with a few transverse rugae; sutures distinct, curved; gular region undefined. Clypeus bearing a few lateral setae. Labrum transversely oval, bearing coarse setae. Antenna 3-segmented; basal membrane long, fleshy; segment 2 about twice as long as basal width; segment 3 small but distinct, slightly elongate and bearing a few apical setae; supplementary process about half length of segment 3. Maxilla with segment 3 of palp conical, much shorter than segment 2. Labial palpi with segment 2 much shorter than segment 1. Mentum distinct from submentum. Prothorax with pronotum ferruginous and smooth except front margin which is narrowly testaceous with a transverse fringe of short dense setae; posterior two-thirds extremely coarsely asperate, the asperities transverse and larger towards lateral grooves; postnatal fold well developed, bearing about five transverse rows of elongate, subcylindrical, subvertical asperities. Prosternum with a pair of lateral, sclerotized, ferruginous plates; eusternum, sternellum and lateral plates nearly as coarsely asperate as median part of pronotum. Mesonotum and metanotum non-asperate, densely setose laterally, the latter with two transverse rows of tubercles. Abdomen with each dorsal ampulla bearing two transverse furrows and four rows of moniliform, spiculate tubercles. Tergite 9 unarmed. Epipleurum slightly protuberant on all segments; pleural tubercles bearing two long, coarse setae and numerous shorter setae; each with a pair of large sclerotized pits. Anus a transverse cleft. Legs minute but visible with a 15X lens. Spiracles broadly oval, without marginal chambers.
Pupa. Length up to 70 mm; maximum breadth 23 mm. Head with vertex entirely visible from above and shallowly excavate between bases of antennae; front with numerous scattered short, ferruginous setae. Clypeus with a shallow transverse impression and bearing four to six setae across base. Antennae extending to between abdominal segments 2 and 3, where they are strongly curved downward and each arranged in a single coil on top of each elytron. Eyes plane, glabrous. Mandibles very robust and each with about twenty stout setae near middle of outer face. Labrum bearing numerous stout ferruginous setae along front and lateral margins. Pronotum with disc bearing a pair of paramedian groups of stout setae and sides with a pair of stout tubercles. Mesonotum almost glabrous; scutellum very strongly protuberant and setose. Metanotum with a pair of paramedian oval discs which are densely covered with coarse ferruginous setae; scutellar groove rather indistinct. Elytra and wings extending to abdominal segment 4. Abdomen with tergites 1-4 each with a transverse band (interrupted medially) of closely set stout setae on posterior half. Tergites 5 and 6 with these areas smaller and less conspicuous. Tergite 7 faintly transversely striate, sparsely setose. Tergite 8 extremely short and glabrous. Tergite 9 short and produced dorsally into a long, vertical, spine-like process which is strongly sclerotized and attenuated apically; ventrally it is deeply divided and densely covered with coarse, blunt, pitchy spines. Sternites glabrous. Pleura scarcely protuberant. Legs with a transverse row of fine setae near apex of each femur; hind femora extending to abdominal segment 4. Functional spiracles present on abdominal segments 1-5; peritreme thick, narrowly oval and raised above general level of cuticle. Adapted from Duffy (1957).
Biology and Economic Importance
- Members of this tribe are commonly intercepted at ports of entry around the world. Species of this tribe are potentially invasive outside their native range.
Selected References to Larvae Specimens
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