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Acanthocinus aedilis
Classification
Diagnostic Features of Larvae
- Mature larva. Form elongate, slender, depressed. Length up to 37 mm; maximum breadth (at prothorax), 6.5 mm. Head strongly depressed, with sides slightly constricted before middle (maximum head-width, 3.5 mm) and slightly converging posteriorly; antennal foramen closed behind; mouthframe very strongly and rather broadly sclerotized, the transverse, dorsal, ferruginous band as broad as half-length of clypeus; frons with a transverse row of eight setiferous pores, behind which it is feebly sclerotized and testaceous. Genae strongly shouldered and protuberant, strongly sclerotized and pitchy and with a conspicuous transverse furrow immediately in front of ocellus; broadly rugose and ferruginous posteriorly. One pair of ocelli present; lens ferruginous; pigmented spot indistinct owing to sclerotization of gena. Clypeus with two to four widely separated, longitudinal impressions. Hypostoma flat, smooth, testaceous, with front and hind margins ferruginous; sutures ferruginous and slightly curved. Gular region with a pale ventral cleavage line, on each side of which is a ferruginous rugose area bearing four to six setae. Antenna two-segmented; second segment subquadrate, and bearing a small conical, hyaline process. Maxilla strongly sclerotized, with palpi three-segmented; third segment tapering about two-thirds length of second; palpifer with outer margin strongly rounded and protuberant. Labial palp with third segment cylindrical, about one-third length of second. Mentum distinct from submentum. Prothorax with a transverse row of setae just behind front margin; posterior region of pronotum with two ferruginous areas of very fine dense asperities, with numerous interspaced glabrous spots as in Arhopalus. Abdomen with ampullae with one transverse furrow, a conspicuous pair of lateral furrows and a broad, rather deep longitudinal median furrow; non-tuberculate, dull, velvety spiculate or pubescent Ninth segment simple. Epipleurum protuberant on last three segments only. Pleural tubercle broadly oval, with a pair of sclerotized pits and at least ten setae. Anus trilobed. Legs absent. Spiracles round, with five to eight marginal chambers present on posterior margin of peritreme.
Pupa. Length, 20-24 mm; maximum breadth, 6.25 mm. Head with vertex visible from above and deeply excavated between antennae; bearing a few minute spines (each with a fine basal seta); front with a few scattered similar spines, smooth; clypeus with a deep transverse impression at base and with two or three spines near each basal angle. Antennae extending as far as seventh abdominal segment, where, in the female, they are strongly recurved and directed anteriorly to terminate near their basal segments; in the male, they are crossed beneath the seventh abdominal segment, then strongly curved to cross again beneath the fourth abdominal segment, then directed anteriorly to just beyond vertex of head where they are strongly recurved and directed posteriorly to near the base of the seventh abdominal segment, where they are again recurved to terminate near apices of elytra. Eyes feebly convex, glabrous. Mandibles with one or two setae near middle of outer face. Labrum transverse and with front margin slightly rounded; glabrous or almost so. Pronotum with sides bearing a pair of tubercles; numerous short spines are present, mostly near front angles; an elongate-oval protuberance present near each lateral tubercle. Mesonotum smooth, and with about six short spines; scutellum depressed, glabrous. Metanotum smooth except near scutellar groove where it is transversely striate; bearing about six spines; scutellar groove indistinct. Elytra each with a conspicuous spine near base and sometimes with two or three smaller spines nearby. Elytra and wings extending as far as fourth abdominal segment. Abdomen with tergites one to six with posterior half with a transverse row (interrupted medially) of slender spines; each anterior half of tergites bearing two groups of spines which are curved inward. Seventh tergite strongly elongate and bearing numerous scattered spines. Eighth tergite extremely elongate and with a few similar spines. Ninth tergite very short, truncate apically and bearing about six inwardly-curved spines. Sternites glabrous. Pleura rather strongly protuberant, strongly rugose and bearing a minute seta. Legs with fore and mid femora clavate; each femur with a row of spines near apex; mid and hind femora each with a long tuberculate process near base; hind femora extending to fourth abdominal segment; all tibiae more or less at right-angles to longitudinal axis of body. Functional spiracles present on first six abdominal segments, but vestigial pairs present on segments seven and eight, where they are placed laterally; peritreme rather narrowly oval, moderately thick and very slightly raised above general level of cuticle. Adapted from Duffy (1953).
Biology and Economic Importance
- Members of this tribe are known from various host plant families. Species of this tribe are potentially invasive outside their native range.
Selected References to Larvae Specimens
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