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Leiopus nebulosus
Classification
Diagnostic Features of Larvae
- Mature larva. Rather similar to that of Acanthocinus aedilis, from which it differs as follows. Length up to 12 mm; maximum breadth (at prothorax), 3 mm. Head less elongate with sides slightly constricted at middle; antennal foramen narrowly but distinctly open behind. Ocellus with lens large, oval, pale and very distinct. Gular region with the rugose areas pale, each bearing two setae only. Maxilla with third segment of palp as long as second; outer margin of palpifer less strongly protuberant. Prothorax with posterior part of pronotum testaceous and undivided by a median line. Abdomen with ampullae bearing irregular, shining glabrous tubercles. Pleural tubercle with about five setae.
Pupa. Length, 6-10 mm; maximum breadth, 2.5 mm. Head with vertex visible from above, deeply excavated between bases of antennae and bearing three or four short spines near base of each antenna; front with about five short spines near mesal margin of each eye; clypeus with a transverse impression and with about six short spines at base. Antennae extending as far as sixth abdominal segment, where they are strongly recurved and directed anteriorly to terminate alongside the head. Eyes scarcely convex, glabrous. Mandible with a pair of long setae near middle of outer face. Labrum quadrate, with front margin strongly rounded, glabrous. Pronotum transversely striate medially; sides with a pair of tubercles each with a conspicuous apical spine and a smaller spine near base; several short setae present, chiefly along front margin. Mesonotum faintly striate medially and with two to four short spines. Metanotum smooth and with an oblique row of about four spines on each side of scutellar groove which is indistinct. Elytra and wings extending as far as fifth abdominal segment. Abdomen with tergites one to six each with a transverse row of short spines near posterior margin and, usually, a shorter row near anterior margin. Seventh tergite strongly elongate, with numerous scattered spines. Eighth tergite very short and explanate laterally; a pair of inwardly curved spines present near middle and posterior margin bearing six to eight very stout, inwardly curved spines. Ninth tergite very short, truncate, partly retracted in eighth, obliquely explanate and rather strongly sclerotized ventro-laterally. Sternites glabrous. Pleura rather strongly protuberant, strongly rugose and each bearing a minute seta. Legs with femur with a row of small spines near apex; mid and bind femora with a very long tuberculate process near base; hind femora extending to fourth abdominal segment; all tibiae more or less at right-angles to longitudinal axis of body. Functional spiracles present on first six abdominal segments; peritreme broadly oval, moderately thick, and very slightly raised above general level of cuticle. Adapted from Duffy (1953).
Biology and Economic Importance
- Members of this tribe are known from various host plant families. Species of this tribe are potentially invasive outside their native range.
Selected References to Larvae Specimens
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