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Monochamus ruspator
Classification
Diagnostic Features of Larvae
- Mature larva. Length up to 30 mm; maximum breadth (at prothorax) 6.2 mm. Form very elongate, slender, slightly depressed. Head strongly depressed, slightly wider before middle and abruptly constricted behind middle (maximum head-width 3.9 mm); frontal sutures indistinct; antennal foramen closed behind; mouthframe strongly and broadly sclerotized, with the dorsal transverse, ferruginous band as broad as length of clypeus. Six epistomal setae present. Mandible slender, about twice as long as basal width; cutting edge broadly emarginate. One pair of ocelli present; lens round, convex, sclerotized; pigmented spot rather indistinct. Hypostoma ferruginous with front margin more darkly so; sutures distinct, incurved; gular sutures slightly raised and with a deep setiferous pore on each side. Antenna minute, 3-segmented; segment 2 transverse; segment 3 distinctly elongate, less than one-third length of segment 2; supplementary process conical, nearly as long as segment 3. Labrum transversely oval and densely setose along front margin. Maxilla with segment 3 of palp conical, shorter than segment 2. Labial palpi with segment 2 cylindrical, nearly as long as segment 1. Mentum distinct from submentum. Prothorax depressed, subrectangular; posterior area of pronotum finely velvety spiculate, spotted with longitudinally placed, lenticulate, glabrous areas; sublateral impressions feebly defined. Mesonotum .dull and spiculate anteriorly, shining and glabrous posteriorly. Metanotum with a single transverse furrow and two rows of shining moniliform tubercles. Prosternum with eusternum semicircular, rugose and sparsely setose. Abdomen with each dorsal ampulla with two transverse furrows and four rows of regular, shining, almost glabrous, moniliform tubercles which are strongly convex. Ventral ampullae with a single transverse furrow and two rows of tubercles. Tergite 9 unarmed. Anus trilobed, the dorsal lobe not protruding beyond the ventral lobes. Epipleurum protuberant on all segments. Pleural tubercle rectangular, strongly elongate on abdominal segments 1 and 2 and subquadrate on remaining segments; each with a pair of distinct sclerotized pits and bearing two long setae. Legs vestigial, consisting of a minute tubercle bearing several setae. Spiracles with peritreme narrowly oval, pale testaceous and not raised above general level of cuticle; marginal chambers absent. Adapted from Duffy (1957).
Biology and Economic Importance
- Members of this tribe include one of the most notorious cerambycids: the Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis. In 1996, this invasive species was discovered in New York City and later in Chicago. Native to China and the Korean peninsula, ALB was accidentally imported into the U.S. via wooden shipping materials (Lingafelter & Hoebeke 2002). By 1998, ALB infestations resulted in the destruction of nearly 7,000 trees. Recently, the USDA estimated that, if left uncontrolled, ALB and other Chinese wood boring beetles could cause more than $100 billion in damage to the US economy (Meyer 2010). Accidental introductions continue, and as recently as 2011 a population of ALB was detected in southwest Ohio (USDA-APHIS 2011).
Selected References to Larvae Specimens
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