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Physocnemum andreae
Classification
Diagnostic Features of Larvae
- Larva. Form elongate, depressed; integument rather dull, thick, alutaceous, sparsely covered with fine whitish hairs. Head subtrapezoidal, widest behind; mouth-frame strongly corneous, reddish brown; labrum thick, fleshy, sub-rectangular; mandibles little longer than basal width, apical half about three times the length of basal, having a groove on outer face, entirely black, shining; one large ocellus contiguous with antennae, enveloped by genal shoulder; antennae long, slender, second joint longest, last very slender and tapering; genal bristles short, stiff; last joint of maxillary palpi equal to second, shorter than last labial; lobe of palpifer large; gula not very prominent, sutures diverging; no subfossal spine. Prothorax rectangular, transverse; pronotum one-third wider than long, anteriorly finely rugose, hairy, posteriorly obliquely rugulose, striate, shining; lateral sutures entire, median faintly impressed; prosternum rugulose, shining; sternellar fold not passing beyond spiracles. Mesonotum and metanotum dull, alutaceous, with a transverse impression; legs indistinctly four-jointed. Abdomen: Ampullae broad, flat, alutaceous, shining, dorsally marked by two lateral longitudinal folds and one transverse one connecting them anteriorly, ventrally marked by two lateral, deep triangular impressions and sixth and seventh laterally bounded by a series of longitudinal corneous carinae. Spiracular area and epipleurum projecting in prominent lobes; pleural discs distinct on third, fourth and fifth segments; spiracles broadly oval, large, peritreme thin. Adapted from Craighead (1923).
Biology and Economic Importance
- Members of this tribe are known from various host plant families and several species are considered economically important. Species of this tribe are potentially invasive outside their native range.
Selected References to Larvae Specimens
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