Semanotus amethystinus Classification Family Cerambycidae > Subfamily Cerambycinae > Tribe Callidiini > Genus Semanotus Diagnostic Features of Larvae Larva. Form robust, sub-depressed; integument shining and sparsely covered with yellowish-white hairs. Head subtrapezoidal, narrowing in front; mouth-frame dark brown, chitinized; clypeus very short, labrum suborbicular, very thick, widest at middle; mandible entirely black, shining, without prominent basal piece; no ocelli; antennae slender, first and second joints subequal, last very short; gena receding from antennae (not shouldered), bristles dense and short; ventral mouth-parts rather strongly chitinized; joints of maxillary palpi gradually shorter, last shortest, equal to last labial; process of palpifer large, longer than last maxillary joint. Prothorax rectangular, twice as wide as long, rather densely and finely hairy; pronotum nearly twice as wide as long, anteriorly finely rugulose, posteriorly rugulosely striate except for dull granulate posterior border, median suture faintly impressed; eusternal spots glabrous, contiguous, ventro-lateral suture not impressed. Mesonotum and metanotum dull, finely granulate, the former with an incomplete X and the latter with a transverse impression. Legs short, indistinctly four-jointed. Abdomen: Ampullae broad and flat, dull, finely granulate or laterally alutaceous, bearing two lateral, also one complete and one incomplete transverse impression, the seventh ventral segment having a wrinkled corneous, rugose plate at each side. Pleural discs distinct on first, second, third and fourth segments. Spiracles large, oval, peritreme thick. Pupa: Head and thorax unarmed, but beset with a few short, stiff hairs on posterior border of pronotum and on metanotum; abdominal terga 1 to 5, bearing two patches of very short chitinous points in a transverse band, most numerous on second and third. Adapted from Craighead (1923). Biology and Economic Importance The larva breeds normally in species of Cupressus, working under the bark and deeply scarring the wood. It enters the wood only to construct a long prepupal gallery. This is rarely constructed in the bark. The mines are tightly packed with granular frass. The life cycle is completed in one year. Adapted from Craighead (1923). Selected References to Larvae Specimens Craighead, 1923