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Methods

Terminology

All morphological characters used in the key and diagnoses are defined in the glossary and illustrated in the keys and glossary.

Measurements

Measurements were taken using an eyepiece reticle or calipers for a maximum of 5 individuals for available genera. Length was measured from the vertexvertex:
the top of the head between the eyes, frons and occiput, anterior to the occipital suture
 of the head to the elytral or abdominal apexapex:
end of any structure distad to the base
 (whichever was more distaldistal:
near or toward the free end of any appendage; that part of a segment farthest from the body
). Width was measured at the widest part of the basebase:
the part of any appendage or structure that is nearest the body
 of the elytraelytron:
the leathery forewing of beetles, serving as a covering for the hind wings, commonly meeting opposite elytron in a straight line down the middle of the dorsum in repose
. AntennomeresAntennomere:
a subunit of the antenna, including the scape, pedicel, and flagellomeres
 were measured dorsally, from the basal insertion (or articulating portion of scapescape:
the first proximal segment of the antenna
) to the distaldistal:
near or toward the free end of any appendage; that part of a segment farthest from the body
 extreme, if curved the chord length was recorded. Body length ranges were also gathered from available resources and expanded with new data.

Distribution data

Distribution data were collected from Linsley (1962a, 1962c, 1963, 1964), Linsley and Chemsak (1985, 1995), Chemsak (1996, 2005), and the Titan database (http://titan.gbif.fr/).

Imaging

Images were taken at Michigan State University with a Visionary Digital Passport II system (Palmyra, VA) using a Canon EOS 5D Mark II, MP-e 65.0 mm or 100 mm Canon Macro lens, Dynalite MH2015 road flash heads (Union, NJ), and a Stack Shot (Cognisys, Inc, Kingsley, MI) controlled by Zerene Stacker 1.04 (Zerene Systems, Richland WA). Montage photos were edited in Adobe Photoshop Elements 13 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA).

DNA data

See the DNA page.

About this tool