Phylogenetic Number: 2.3.09.
Tribe: Mimoseae.
Group: Adenanthera.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 5 studied; 12 in genus.
Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 8–23 cm long; 10–25 cm wide; 0.5–1.2 cm thick; length less than twice as long as width; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight to 1-coiled; not plicate; twisted, or not twisted; symmetrical; linear to oblong; not inflated; compressed; without beak; short tapered at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; tapered at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; coriaceous to ligneous; seed chambers externally visible; margin not constricted to constricted (slightly); margin slightly constricted along both margins; margin without sulcus; margin plain; wing(s) absent; stipitate; with the stipe 10–20 mm long; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; apical and down, or medial and up and down (perhaps); active; with valves coiling (into several coils exposing inner endocarp surface). Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome; brown to black; with surface texture uniform; glabrous; eglandular; without spines; smooth; not veined; not tuberculate; exfoliating, or not exfoliating; with cracks (later); without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp absent, or present; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without fibers; without reniform canals; spongy. Endocarp present; visible; glossy; opaque; monochrome; tan; without adhering pieces of testa; nonseptate (but chambered); not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 10–12; length transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 3–5 mm long; of 1 length only; thick; plicate to straight. Aril absent.
Seed: 5–10 mm long; 5–10 mm wide; 3–6 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical; ovate; compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; glossy; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome, or bichrome; red, or black and red (at apex); glabrous; smooth; osseous. Pleurogram present (apically connected or nearly so); ca. 100 %. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines present, or absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; fully concealed; concealed by funicular remnant; without faboid split; punctiform; apical at apex of radicle tip; flush (on edge of hilar depression); not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens discernible; 0.3–0.8 mm long; with margins straight, or curved; oblong; elliptic; not in groove of raphe; slight mounded to flush (but in hilar depression); same color as testa; red; not within corona, halo, or rim. Endosperm present; thick to thin; not pluglike and not resembling tip of radicle; adnate to testa. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces flat; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; completely concealing radicle; split over radicle; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight; parallel to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; straight with embryonic axis; centered between cotyledons. Plumule moderately developed; glabrous.
Tropical Asia and Pacific, With A. pavonina widely grown elsewhere.
Old World; tropical Southwest Asia, Madagascar, India, Indochina, China, Indonesia and the Philippines, and Pacific (with A. pavonina widely grown elsewhere).
Seed, cotyledon, embryo, and testa: A. abrosperma F.J.H. von Mueller - bottom far left seed topography; A. bicolor Moon - top left center cotyledons concealing radicle (L) and embryonic axis (R), left center seed topography; A. pavonina C. Linnaeus var. microsperma (Teijsman & Binnendijk) I.C. Nielsen - far left center seed topography; A. pavonina C. Linnaeus var. pavonina - top far left cotyledons concealing radicle (L) and embryonic axis (R), and testa SEMs; A. spp. - bottom left center seeds.
|