Subfamily: Faboideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 3.10.21.
Tribe: Phaseoleae.
Subtribe: Diocleinae.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 23 studied; 50 in genus.
Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 7–40 cm long; 1.5–6 cm wide; 0.7–3 cm thick; 2–9 times longer than wide to more than 9 times longer than wide; with persistent androecial sheath (with or without various petals), or deciduous androecial sheath; with persistent corolla (with or without androecial sheath), or deciduous corolla; with various petals; with persistent calyx, or deciduous calyx; with calyx shorter than fruit; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical; linear; not inflated, or inflated (slightly, from literature); compressed to terete; without beak, or with beak; straight, or declined; with solid beak the same color and texture as fruit; tapered at apex, or short tapered at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; tapered at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; coriaceous, or ligneous; seed chambers externally invisible; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin embellished; margin with thickened sutural areas, or thickened sutural areas and wing(s); wing(s) present, or absent; wing(s) 2, or 4 (one wing on each valve, sometimes two wings on upper suture); wing(s) 1–1.5 mm wide; wing(s) valvular, or valvular and sutural; wing(s) on both valves; wing(s) on 1 suture; nonstipitate; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; apical and down; active; with valves twisting. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; multicolored; mottled; tan, or brown; with brown overlay; mottling color combination constant; with surface texture uniform; glabrous, or pubescent and indurate; with hairs erect; with 1 type of pubescence; pilose; with pubescence white; with pubescence uniformly distributed; with simple hairs; pliable; with hair bases plain; eglandular; without spines; smooth, or not smooth; with elevated features; veined, or not veined; transversely veined relative to fruit length; not tuberculate; wrinkled; exfoliating in part, or not exfoliating; with cracks, or without cracks; cracking oblique to fruit length; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; thick; surface not veined; 1-layered, or 2-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without fibers; without reniform canals; solid; with vitriol layer over solid layer; (sub-) ligneous to coriaceous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome, or mottled; tan to white; with mottling more or less uniform (dark); with brown overlay; scurfy and smooth (over seed chambers), or floury-filamentous; without adhering pieces of testa; subseptate; with septa thin (tissue paper-like), flexible; with septa eglandular; chartaceous; exfoliating in part; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; with wing(s) extending into epicarp, or without wings; entire. Seed(s) 3–15; length oblique to fruit length, or transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching, or touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 5–30 mm long; of 1 length only; thick; straight, or triangular (long). Aril present; dry; when dry rim-aril and tongue-aril, or rim-aril, or 2-lipped rim-aril; entire, or fimbriate; covering less than 1/2 of seed; without tongue (or flap) on lips of 2-lipped rim-aril, or with tongues (or flap) on lips of 2-lipped rim-aril; with 1 tongue or flap on 1 lip of 2-lipped rim-aril; tan.
Seed: 7–48 mm long; 5–25 mm wide; 2–21 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical, or asymmetrical (slightly); elliptic to oblong, or ovate; terete, or compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome, or mottled; with infrequent mottles, or frequent mottles; brown to reddish brown, or ivory; with brown overlay (dark); glabrous; smooth; coriaceous, or osseous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Raphe not visible, or visible; from lens to base of seed and terminating; not bifurcating; darker than testa; dark brown; raised. Hilum present; visible; with faboid split; with the lips of the faboid split lighter colored than the rest of the hilum and therefore conspicuous; larger than punctiform; 5–35 mm long; with straight outline; linear; marginal according to radicle tip; flush, or raised (slightly); not within corona, halo, or rim, or within rim; rim color of testa, or darker than testa. Lens discernible, or not discernible; 0.1–1 mm long; with margins straight; linear; not in groove of raphe; confluent with hilum; recessed; same color as testa; brown; not within corona, halo, or rim, or within rim; rim color darker than testa. Endosperm absent, or present; trace; not pluglike and not resembling tip of radicle; restricted to region of embryo; adnate to testa. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin not entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; notched; similar at apex; partially concealing radicle; split over radicle, or notched at radicle; with lobes, or without lobes; with lobes not touching, or touching (auriculate), or overlapping; without basal groin formed by lobes, or with basal groin formed by lobes; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; white to tan; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis oblique, or right angled; oblique to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; bulbose, or linear; lobe tip straight, or curved; oblique to cotyledons, or with 90 degree turn, or straight with embryonic axis; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule well developed; glabrous.