Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 1.4.81.
Tribe: Detarieae.
Group: Brachystegia.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 7 studied; ca. 11 in genus.
Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 2.5–7 cm long; 1.5–3 cm wide; 0.5–0.6 cm thick; 2–9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; with deciduous corolla; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight to curved; not plicate; not twisted; asymmetrical; oblong; not inflated; compressed; without beak; tapered at apex; oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit to right-angled with longitudinal axis of fruit; rounded at base; oblique with longitudinal axis of fruit to right angled with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; ligneous; seed chambers externally invisible; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin embellished; margin with flange(s) (one on each valve, up to 2 mm wide); wing(s) absent; substipitate; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; active; with valves elastically and separately enrolling. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull to glossy; monochrome, or multicolored; mottled; brown to green; with green red overlay (brown); with surface texture uniform; glabrous; eglandular; without spines; not smooth; strongly to weakly obliquely veined; transversely veined relative to fruit length; not tuberculate; exfoliating (in larges pieces or as a whole); without cracks; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without fibers; without reniform canals; solid; ligneous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome; tan; without adhering pieces of testa; subseptate to nonseptate; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seed(s) 1–5; length oblique to fruit length to transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 0.1–1.5 mm long; of 1 length only; flattened; straight. Aril absent.
Seed: 9–18 mm long; 6–11 mm wide; 3–4 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular; symmetrical; elliptic to ovate; compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; glossy; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; dark brown; glabrous; not smooth; with elevated features; rugose (faces rugose and same color or smooth and darker colored and margins smooth and same color to lighter colored); coriaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; fully concealed; concealed by funicular remnant; without faboid split; larger than punctiform; 0.1–2 mm long; with curved outline; circular; apical at apex of radicle tip to subapical to radicle tip; raised; not within corona, halo, or rim. Lens not discernible. Endosperm present; thin; not pluglike and not resembling tip of radicle; adnate to testa. Cotyledons smooth; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle, or not entire 180 degrees from base of radicle (slightly notched); similar at apex; partially concealing radicle (alomst all exposed or only tip exposed); notched at radicle; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis straight; parallel to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; centered between cotyledons. Plumule rudimentary; glabrous.
Fruit and seed: C. congolanum (De Wildman) J.J.G. Léonard - bottom right seed in situ; C. curtisiorum Johnston - top right dehisced fruit, top left seeds in situ; C. exfoliatum E.A.J. De Wildeman subsp. pseudotaxus (E.G. Baker) P.A. Duvigneaud & J.P.M. Brenan - bottom left fruit; C. maraviense D. Oliver - top center seeds in situ.
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Seed, cotyledon, embryo, and testa: C. maraviense D. Oliver - 2nd row top seed topography, 1st row top cotyledons notched and investing exposed radicle (L) and embryonic axis (R), testa SEMs; C. pellegrinianum (J.J.G. Léonard) J.J.G. Léonard - 2nd row center seed topography, 1st row bottom cotyledons notched and investing exposed radicle (L) and embryonic axis (R); C. spp. - 2nd row bottom seeds.
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