Subfamily: Faboideae.
Phylogenetic Number: 3.10.60.
Tribe: Phaseoleae.
Subtribe: Phaseolinae.
Species Studied - Species in Genus: 2 studied; 3 in genus.
Fruit: A legume; unilocular; 7.5–11.5 cm long; 1–1.7 cm wide; 2–9 times longer than wide, or more than 9 times longer than wide; with deciduous androecial sheath; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical; linear; not inflated; compressed to terete; without beak; long tapered at apex to tapered at apex; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; tapered at base to short tapered at base; aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; coriaceous to leathery; seed chambers externally invisible to visible (slightly); seed chambers with the raised seed chambers not torulose; margin not constricted; margin without sulcus; margin plain, or embellished; margin with slightly thickened sutural areas; wing(s) absent; nonstipitate; with all layers dehiscing; splitting along suture(s). Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; apical and down; active; with valves twisting. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome, or multicolored; mottled; tan to brown; with brown overlay; mottling color combination constant; with mottling over seed chambers; with surface texture uniform; pubescent and indurate; with hairs erect; with 1 type of pubescence; puberulent to velutinous (shortly); with pubescence golden to white; with pubescence uniformly distributed; with simple hairs; pliable; with hair bases plain; eglandular; without spines; smooth; not veined; not tuberculate; not exfoliating; with cracks; cracking oblique to fruit length; without embedded tissue, much thicker than epicarp, running from base to apex. Mesocarp present; thick; surface not veined; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles, or with balsamic vesicles; without fibers; without reniform canals; solid; (sub-) ligneous. Endocarp present; visible; dull; opaque; monochrome, or mottled; tan, or white; with mottling over seed chambers; with brown overlay; cobwebby, fibrous, and scurfy; without adhering pieces of testa; subseptate; with septa thin (tissue paper-like), flexible; with septa eglandular; chartaceous; exfoliating in part; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; without wings; entire. Seed(s) 5–8; length parallel with fruit length, or transverse to fruit length; neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus 0.5–1.5 mm long; of 1 length only; thick; straight. Aril present; dry; when dry 2-lipped rim-aril, or hippocrepiform rim-aril; fimbriate; with tongues (or flap) on lips of 2-lipped rim-aril; with 1 tongue or flap on 1 lip of 2-lipped rim-aril, or 2 tongues or flaps, 1 on each lip of 2-lipped rim-aril; cream.
Seed: 8–14.5 mm long; 7–11 mm wide; 4.3–7.5 mm thick; not overgrown; not angular, or angular (slightly); symmetrical, or asymmetrical; irregular to oblong to ovate; compressed; with surface smooth; without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without hilar sinus; without umbo on seed faces; without medial ridge on each face. Cuticle not exfoliating; not inflated; not wrinkled. Testa present; without pieces of adhering epicarp; not adhering to endocarp, or partially adhering to endocarp; free from endocarp; dull; not modified by a bloom; colored; monochrome; brown; glabrous; not smooth; with recessed features, or recessed features and elevated features; wrinkled; pitted with small separate pits; coriaceous. Pleurogram absent. Pseudopleurogram absent. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Wing(s) absent. Raphe not visible. Hilum present; partially concealed; concealed by funicular remnant; with faboid split; with the lips of the faboid split the same color as the rest of the hilum; larger than punctiform; 2.7–4.3 mm long; with curved outline; elliptic to oval; apical according to radicle tip but marginal according to seed length; recessed; within rim; rim color of testa, or darker than testa. Lens discernible; 1.7–2.8 mm long; with margins curved; ovate; not in groove of raphe; confluent with hilum; mounded; similar color as testa; darker than testa; black to brown; within rim; rim color of testa, or darker than testa. Endosperm absent. Cotyledons smooth, or not smooth; wrinkled; both outer faces convex; both the same thickness, or one thicker than the other (rarely); both more or less of equal length, or 1 longer than other (rarely); not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; completely concealing radicle; notched at radicle; with lobes, or without lobes; with lobes not touching; with basal groin formed by lobes; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed, or with margin(s) recessed; with both margins recessed; yellowish white, or tan; inner face flat; glabrous on inner face. Embryonic axis oblique, or right angled; parallel to length of seed, or oblique to length of seed; without a joint evident between the radicle and the cotyledons. Radicle differentiated from cotyledon; bulbose; lobe tip straight; deflexed and parallel to cotyledon width, or oblique to cotyledons; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule moderately developed, or well developed; glabrous.
Tribe Phaseoleae
Bruneau et al. (1995) carried out cladistic analyses of tribe Phaseoleae using chloroplast DNA restriction site data. Their results indicated that the tribe is not monophyletic and that the tribal delimitations between Phaseoleae and Desmodieae (11) and between Phaseoleae and Millettieae (7) are problematic.
Authors: J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, A.L. Weitzman, M.J. Dallwitz, K.R. Thiele
Content last updated April 2003
Released April 2024 on idtools.org
