Name and publication

Phytophthora andina Adler & Flier (2010)

Oliva RF, Kroon LPMN, Chacón G, Flier WG, Ristaino JB, and Forbes GA. 2010. Phytophthora andina sp. nov., a newly identified heterothallicheterothallic:
pertaining to sexual reproduction in which conjugation is possible only through interaction of different thalli (i.e. different mating types) (cf. homothallic)
pathogen of solanaceous hosts in the Andean highlands. Plant Pathol. 59: 613–625 (pg. 622).

Corresponding author: Ricardo.Oliva@tsl.ac.uk

Phytophthora andina Adler & Flier (2010) Nom. Dub.

Cárdenas M, Tabima J, Fry WE, Grünwald NJ, Bernal A, and Restrepo S. 2012. Defining species boundaries in the genus Phytophthora: the case of Phytophthora andina. A response to ‘Phytophthora andina sp. nov., a newly identified heterothallicheterothallic:
pertaining to sexual reproduction in which conjugation is possible only through interaction of different thalli (i.e. different mating types) (cf. homothallic)
pathogen of solanaceous hosts in the Andean highlands’ (Oliva et al., 2010). Plant Pathology 61: 215–220.

Nomenclature

from Oliva et al. (2010)

Mycobank

MB514427

Synonymy

≡ Phytophthora andina Gómez-Alpizar et al., Mycologia 100 (4): 590 (2008) [MB#529198]

Typification

Type: ECUADOR, Province of Tungurahua, City of Baños isolated from Solanum brevifolium along roadside, July 2001, N. A. Adler, CIP EC3189

Ex-type: culture of CIP EC3189 deposited to World Phytophthora Collection (haplotype Ic, mating typemating type:
molecular mechanisms that regulate compatibility in sexual reproduction in heterothallic species (also referred to as compatibility type); typically denoted as A1 or A2
A2, genotype EC-2.1), CBS 115547

Note: Nomenclature in revision.

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 115547, CIP EC3189, WPC P13365,  S&T BL 32 (Abad)

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora andina isolate CPHST BL 32 (= P13365 ) ITS rDNA MK496515, COI MH136846

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1 

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora andina CPHST BL 32
• NCBI: Phytophthora andina P13365
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora andina (barcoding COI & ITS)

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
1c

Morphological identification

adapted from Oliva et al. (2010)

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

On rye agar and potato agar the species grows with a radial colonycolony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
. Minimum growth temperature 5°C, maximum 30°C, and optimum 24°C. 

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
semipapillatesemipapillate:
pertaining to the production of shallow having papilla that are not well developed, shallow and less nipple-like than fully papillate structures
; caducouscaducous:
pertaining to sporangia that become dislodged readily (i.e. deciduous) and separate from the sporangiophore (cf. persistent)
with short pedicelpedicel:
the hyphal base of a sporangium that remains attached after the sporangium separates, or is shed, from the sporangiophore; the pedicel may be short (< 5 µm), medium (5–20 µm), or long (> 20 µm)
; ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
or semi-ovoid (39.5–62.5 µm length); produced in compound sympodial sporangiophores. Hyphal swellings and chlamydospores are absent.

Sexual phase

Heterothallic. Oogonia smooth-walled (34–41 µm width), frequently showing tapered base; antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
amphigynousamphigynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium completely surrounds the stalk of the oogonium (cf. paragynous)
; oosporesoospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
pleroticplerotic:
pertaining to an oospore that fills the oogonium (cf. aplerotic)
(avg. 31 µm diam).

Most typical characters

Phytophthora andina is morphologically similar to Phytophthora mirabilis and Phytophthora infestans in the heterothallic mating system, the amphigynous antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
, and the production of semipapillate sporangiasporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
produced on long sporangiophores. 

Additional specimen(s) evaluated

CPHST-BL 32, duplicate of P13365 (WPC)

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: South America (Ecuador, Peru)
Substrate: leaves, fruit
Disease note: blight
Host: Solanaceae

Retrieved February 01, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora andina
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora andina
• Forest Phytophthoras of the World: Phytophthora andina
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora andina
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora andina
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora andina

 

 

• Google All Phytophthora andina
• Google Images Phytophthora andina
• Google Scholar Phytophthora andina

 

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.