Name and publication

Phytophthora aysenensis M. Zapata, M.C. Asenjo & M. Gut. 2020

Zapata M, Asenjo MC, Gutiérrez M. 2020. Phytophthora aysenensis. Fungal Planet 1103. Persoonia 44: 139 in Crous et al. Fungal Planet description sheets 1042–1111. Persoonia 44: 301–459.

Nomenclature

Mycobank

MB833553

Etymology

name refers to the Aysén Region of Chile where this species was collected

Typification

Type: CHILE, Aysén, on collar rot and stem of Aristotelia chilensis (Elaeocarpaceae), 26 Sept. 2016, M. González, holotype RGM 2753

Ex-type: culture CCCT 19.159

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript:  ITS MN557838, cox2 MN557841, NAD9 MN557842, RSP10 MN557843, β-tubulin MN557840, LSU MN557839

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 146737, NRRL 64319, CCCT 19.159,  RGM 2753, SAG-72203b-16, S&T BL 208 (Abad)

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora aysenensis ITS rDNA, COI

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora aysenensis
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora aysenensis
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora aysenensis

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
2b

Morphological identification

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology cottony with no pattern on CA.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
produced on non-sterile soil extract. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
are formed in single culture on CA after 7 days.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
were papillatepapillate:
pertaining to the production of a distinct papilla at the distal end of the sporangium (cf. nonpapillate and semipapillate)
, persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
and predominantly ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
in shape. SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
averaged 47 x 31 µm (overall range 26–74 x 20–47 µm). Sporangiophores loose sympodiasympodia:
a type of sporangiophore which appears simple, but where each successive sporangium develops on a branch behind and to one side of the previous apex, where growth has already ceased
. Hyphal swellings absent. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
absent.

Sexual phase

Homothallic. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
smooth-walled, size ranged from 26–40 µm. OosporesOospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
pleroticplerotic:
pertaining to an oospore that fills the oogonium (cf. aplerotic)
, size ranged 25–39 µm. AntheridiaAntheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
amphigynousamphigynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium completely surrounds the stalk of the oogonium (cf. paragynous)
.

Most typical characters

Morphologically similar to other species in Cladeclade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
2b such as P. glovera and P. mexicana.

Additional specimen(s) evaluated

CHILE, Aysén, on collar rot and stem of Aristotelia chilensis (Elaeocarpaceae), 26 Sept. 2016, M. González, RGM 2816

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Chile
Substrate: root and collar
Disease note: root and collar rot of Aristotelia chilensis
Host: Aristotelia chilensis

Additional references and links

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora aysenensis
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora aysenensis
• Forest Phytophthoras of the World: Phytophthora aysenensis
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora aysenensis
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora aysenensis
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora aysenensis

Fact sheet author

Treena Burgess, Ph.D., Phytophthora Science and Management, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Australia

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.