Name and publication

Phytophthora betacei Mideros, L.E. Lagos & S. Restrepo (2018)

Mideros MF, Turissini DA, Guayazán N, Ibarra-Avila H, Danies G, Cárdenas M, Myers K, Tabima J, Goss EM, Bernal A, Lagos LE. 2018. Phytophthora betacei, a new species within Phytophthora cladeclade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
1c causing late blight on Solanum betaceum in Colombia. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 41 (1): 39–55.

Corresponding author: srestrep@uniandes.edu.co

Nomenclature

Mycobank

MB815748

Etymology

name refers to Solanum betaceum, the host plant from which the isolates were obtained

Typification

Type: COLOMBIA, Putumayo, Colon, San Pedro locality, isolated from small pieces of infected leaves from S. betaceum plants, 2008, M.F. Mideros, Andes-F 1172 holotype, culture on TTA

Ex-type: culture MFM-P8084

Sequences of ex-type in manuscript: whole genome JAANHX000000000.1

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) MFM-P8084 

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora betacei ITS rDNA, COI

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora betacei
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora betacei
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora betacei

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
1c

Genome sequence

Phytophthora betacei strain ex-type P8084. Accession genome UAnd_PBet_P8084 reference, BioProject PRJNA608953, Universidad de los Andes (2020), Mideros et al. 2018.

Mideros MF, Turissini MA, Guayazán N, Ibarra-Avila H, Danies G, Cárdenas M, Myers K, Tabima J, Goss EM, Bernal A, Lagos LE, Grajales A, Gonzalez LN, Cooke DEL, Fry WE, Grünwald N, Matute DR, Restrepo S. 2018. Phytophthora betacei, a new species within Phytophthora cladeclade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
1c causing late blight on Solanum betaceum in Colombia. Persoonia 41: 39–55.

Morphological identification

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology fluffy and uniform on V8A and limited growth on PDA. Minimum growth temperature 10°C, optimum 20°C, and maximum 25°C.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
produced on V8A after 2 weeks in the dark at 20°C. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
rarely formed in paired cultures on V8-rye agar after 15-30 days.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
were non to semi-papillate, caducouscaducous:
pertaining to sporangia that become dislodged readily (i.e. deciduous) and separate from the sporangiophore (cf. persistent)
, and predominantly limoniform in shape with external proliferationexternal proliferation:
formation of a sporangium after a sporangiophore has emerged from beneath and external to an empty sporangium that has previously emitted its zoospores (cf. internal proliferation)
close to the sporangial base. SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
averaged 36 x 17 µm (overall range 24–40.5 x 12–23 µm).Sporangiophores simple. Hyphal swellings present. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
absent.

Sexual phase

Heterothallic. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
smooth-walled, size ranged from 22–26 µm. OosporesOospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
pleroticplerotic:
pertaining to an oospore that fills the oogonium (cf. aplerotic)
. 60-80% of oosporesoospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
aborted before the formation of walls. AntheridiaAntheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
amphigynousamphigynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium completely surrounds the stalk of the oogonium (cf. paragynous)
.

Most typical characters

Morphologically similar to other species in Cladeclade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
1c but exhibits a host preference for Solanum betaceum (tree tomato).

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Colombia, Equador, Peru
Substrate: leaves
Disease note: late blight of Solanum betaceum which can lead to death of the plants and complete loss of the crop
Host: Solanum betaceum

Additional references and links

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora betacei
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora betacei
• Forest Phytophthoras of the World: Phytophthora betacei
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora betacei
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora betacei
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora betacei

Fact sheet author

Treena Burgess, Ph.D., Phytophthora Science and Management, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Australia

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.