Name and publication

Phytophthora bilorbang Aghighi, G.E. Hardy, J.K. Scott & T.I. Burgess (2012)

Aghighi S, Hardy GE StJ, Scott JK, and Burgess TI. 2012. Phytophthora bilorbang sp. nov., a new species associated with the decline of Rubus anglocandicans (European blackberry) in Western Australia. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 133: 841–855.

Corresponding author: tburgess@murdoch.edu.au

Nomenclature

from Aghighi et al. (2012)

Mycobank

MB563863

Etymology

refers to a Noongar (southwestern Australian Aboriginal) word for a person living on the banks of a river

Typification

Type: WESTERN AUSTRALIA, Pemberton, banks of Warren River, from rhizosphere soil of dying Rubus anglocandicans, collected by S. Aghighi in 2010, holotypus MURU 470 (dried culture on V8A, Herbarium of Murdoch University, Western Australia)

Ex-type: CBS 131653 = SA262

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: Phytophthora bilorbang strain CBS 131653 = ITS rDNA= JQ256377, coxI = JQ256375, HSP90 = JQ256376, B-tub = JQ256374 and NADH = JQ256378

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 131653, NRRL 64189, SA262,  WPC P19863, S&T BL 101 (Abad), 61G8 (Hong)

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora bilorbang isolate CBS 161653 ITS rDNA JQ256377

Phytophthora bilorbang isolate CPHST BL 101 COI MH477742

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora bilorbang CPHST BL 101
• NCBI: Phytophthora bilorbang CBS 131653
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora bilorbang
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora bilorbang (barcoding COI & ITS)

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
6c

Morphological identification

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology is stellate to petaloid on V8A, sparse on CA and MEA, and dense/felty and petaloid on PDA. Minimum growth temperature 4°C, optimum 25°C, and maximum 32.5°C.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
 are produced on solid media and in water cultures (soil extract or river water). OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
are formed readily in single-strain culture on CA and V8A after about 20 d.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
 are nonpapillatenonpapillate:
pertaining to the production of a non-distinct, or inconspicuous, papilla at the distal end of the sporangium (cf. papillate and semipapillate)
, persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
, and limoniform, ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, or ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
in shape. SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
average 51.6 ± 6.4 x 29.0 ± 4.6 µm (overall range 22.8–80.7 x 11.7–40.4 µm). Sporangiophores usually in simple sympodiasympodia:
a type of sporangiophore which appears simple, but where each successive sporangium develops on a branch behind and to one side of the previous apex, where growth has already ceased
with internal proliferationinternal proliferation:
internal proliferation occurs when the sporangiophore continues to grow through an empty sporangium
, both nested and extended. External proliferationexternal proliferation:
formation of a sporangium after a sporangiophore has emerged from beneath and external to an empty sporangium that has previously emitted its zoospores (cf. internal proliferation)
also observed leading to lax sympodiasympodia:
a type of sporangiophore which appears simple, but where each successive sporangium develops on a branch behind and to one side of the previous apex, where growth has already ceased
. Hyphal swellings are common and globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
to ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
, catenulatecatenulate:
having a chain-like form
, or angular with radiating hyphaehyphae:
single, tubular filament of a fungal or oomycete thallus; the basic structural unit of a fungus or oomycete
. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
 absent.

Sexual phase

Homothallic. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
are globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
, average size 33.9 ± 6.0 mm (19.6–47.3 µm) OosporesOospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
are pleroticplerotic:
pertaining to an oospore that fills the oogonium (cf. aplerotic)
to slightly apleroticaplerotic:
pertaining to a mature oospore that does not fill the oogonium; i.e. there is room left between the oospore wall and oogonium wall (cf. plerotic)
, globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
with a large ooplast, or commonly with two ooplasts and multiple nuclei, average size 32.2 ± 6.1 µm (18.1–44.7 µm ). AntheridiaAntheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
 are paragynousparagynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium is attached to the side of the oogonium (cf. amphigynous)
often with several finger-like projections

Most typical characters

Phytophthora bilorbang closely resembles other homothallichomothallic:
pertaining to sexual reproduction that can take place within a single thallus (i.e. self-fertile, non-outcrossing) (cf. heterothallic).
Cladeclade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
6 species.

Specimen(s) evaluated

Australia, Western Australia, Pemberton, banks of the Warren River, from rhizosphere soil of dying Rubus anglocandicans, 2010, collected by S. Aghighi, CBS 131653 = SA262; SA92, SA142, SA143, SA146

CPHST BL 101 (ET) = P19863 World Oomycetes /Phytophthora Collection – California, USA

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Western Australia
Substrate: roots, collars and rhizosphere soil
Disease note: pathogenic toward Rubus anglocandicans
Hosts: Rubus anglocandicans

Retrieved January 19, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional references and links

Burgess TI, Webster JL, Ciampini JA, White DW, Hardy GESJ, Stukely MJC. 2009. Re-evaluation of Phytophthora species isolated during 30 years of vegetation health surveys in Western Australia using molecular techniques. Plant Disease 93, 215-223.

Jung T., Stukely M. J. C., Hardy G. E., White D., Paap T., Burgess T. I. 2011. Multiple new Phytophthora species from ITS Cladeclade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
6 associated with natural ecosystems in Australia: evolutionary and ecological implications. Persoonia 26: 13–39.

Brasier CM, Cooke DEL, Duncan JM, Hansen EM. 2003a. Multiple new phenotypic taxa from trees and riparian ecosystems in Phytophthora gonapodyides – P. megasperma ITS Cladeclade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
6, which tend to be high-temperature tolerant and either inbreeding or sterile. Mycological Research 107: 277–290.

Reeser PW, Sutton W, Hansen EM, Remigi P, Adams GC (2011) Phytophthora species in forest streams in Oregon and Alaska. Mycologia 103: 22-35.

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora bilorbang
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora bilorbang
• Forest Phytophthoras of the World: Phytophthora bilorbang
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora bilorbang
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora bilorbang
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora bilorbang

 

• Google All Phytophthora bilorbang
• Google Images Phytophthora bilorbang
• Google Scholar Phytophthora bilorbang

Fact sheet authors

Treena Burgess, Ph.D., Phytophthora Science and Management, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Australia

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.