Name and publication

Phytophthora boodjera Simamora & T.I. Burgess (2015)

Simamora AV, Stukely MJC, Hardy GE StJ , Burgess TI. 2015. Phytophthora boodjera sp. nov., a damping-off pathogen in production nurseries and from urban and natural landscapes, with an update on the status of P. alticola. IMA Fungus 6: 319–335 (pg. 326).

Corresponding author: tburgess@murdoch.edu.au

Nomenclature

from Simamora et al. (2015)

Mycobank

MB809223

Etymology

from the Noongar (local Aboriginal) name for earth, ground, or sand plain

Typification

Type: AUSTRALIA. Western Australia: Tincurrin, from nursery soil dump, Mar. 2012, collected by the Vegetation Health Service of the Department of Parks and Wildlife (MURU 470)

Ex-type: cultures CBS 138637 = VHS 26806

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: VHS26806: ITS KJ372244, β-tubulin KJ372283, HSP90 KJ396710, enolase KJ396738 and coxI KJ396688

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 138637, VHS 26806, S&T BL181 (Abad)

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora boodjera isolate VHS26806 ITS rDNA KJ372244

Phytophthora boodjera isolate CPHST BL 181 (= VHS26806) COI MH477743

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora boodjera CPHST BL 181
• NCBI: Phytophthora boodjera VHS 26806
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora boodjera
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora boodjera (barcoding COI & ITS)

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
4

Morphological identification

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology is appressed with no distinctive growth pattern and regular smooth margins on CA, V8A, MEA, and PDA. Minimum growth temperature 10°C, optimum 25–30°C, and maximum 35°C.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
 are produced in water cultures (soil extract or river water) and not observed in solid media. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
are formed readily in single-strain culture on CA and V8A after about 14 d.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
 are papillatepapillate:
pertaining to the production of a distinct papilla at the distal end of the sporangium (cf. nonpapillate and semipapillate)
, persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
, and predominantly ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
and limoniform. SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
average 34.7 ±1.16 x 27 ± 0.78 mm (overall range 15.2–62.3 mm x 14.6–42.5 mm). Sporangiophores in simple sympodiasympodia:
a type of sporangiophore which appears simple, but where each successive sporangium develops on a branch behind and to one side of the previous apex, where growth has already ceased
with no proliferationproliferation:
formation of a sporangium within an empty sporangium that has previously emitted zoospores (internal or nested) or after the sporangiophore has emerged from the empty sporangium (external)
. Hyphal swellings are rare. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
absent

Sexual phase

Homothallic. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
are globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
with wavy walls turning golden-brown on maturity, average size 29.4 ± 2.3 mm (24.6–33.4 mm) OosporesOospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
are apleroticaplerotic:
pertaining to a mature oospore that does not fill the oogonium; i.e. there is room left between the oospore wall and oogonium wall (cf. plerotic)
, globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
with thick walls, average size 25.5 ± 1.9 µm (21.3–29.5). AntheridiaAntheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
are paragynousparagynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium is attached to the side of the oogonium (cf. amphigynous)
.

Most typical characters

Phytopthora boodjera forms a species complex with Phytophthora arenaria and Phytophthora alticola and is morphologically very similar to these species, but has a higher optimum and maximum for growth.

Specimen(s) evaluated

Australia; Western Australia: Tincurrin, from nursery soil dump, Mar. 2012, collected by Department of Parks and Wildlife, CBS 138637 = VHS 26806; Mt Claremont, Perth, WA, from roots of dying Agonis flexuosa, May 2011; PA. Barber, PAB 11.67, Dalkeith, Perth, WA, from roots of dying Eucalyptus marginata, May 2011; VHS 16282, Ravensthorpe, WA, from Banksia media, Aug. 2006; VHS 26631, Kensington, Perth, WA, from Eucalyptus sp., Feb. 2012; VHS 27016, VHS 27017, VHS 27018, VHS 27020, VHS 27021, VHS 27022, Tincurrin, WA, from Eucalyptus spp., Apr. 2012; VHS 27171, Tincurrin, WA, from roots of E. polybractea, Apr. 2012; VHS 27382, Stirling, Perth, WA, from Xanthorrhoea preissii, Nov. 2012; VHS 28352, Gingin, WA, from Banksia grandis, Nov. 2012; T. Paap, TP13.39, Northam, WA, from Corymbia calophylla, Sept. 2013.

Phytophthora boodjera CPHST BL 178 duplicate of VHS 26806 = CBS 138637 (ex-type)

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Western Australia
Substrate: soil and root baits
Disease note: dieback, causes damping-off disease of young eucalypt seedlings
Hosts: Agonis flexuosa, Eucalyptus marginata, Eucalyptus polybracta, Eucalyptus kochii subsp. plenissima, Eucalyptus kochii subsp. borealis, Eucalyptus loxophleba subsp. lissophloia, Eucalyptus loxophleba subsp.gratiae, Xanthorrhoea preissii, Corymbia calophylla

Retrieved January 29, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora boodjera
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora boodjera
• Forest Phytophthoras of the world: Phytophthora boodjera
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora boodjera
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora boodjera
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora boodjera

 

• Google All Phytophthora boodjera
• Google Images Phytophthora boodjera
• Google Scholar Phytophthora boodjera

 

Fact sheet authors

Treena Burgess, Ph.D., Phytophthora Science and Management, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Australia

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.