Name and publication

Phytophthora ×cambivora (Petri) Buisman (1927) 

Buisman CJ. 1927. Root rots caused by Phycomycetes. Mededeelingen van het Phytopathologisch Laboratorium "Willie Commelin Schol- ten", Baarn, 11: 1–51. Diss. Utrecht: 1–51 (pg 4) Phytophthora cambivora.

Nomenclature

from Buisman (1927)

Mycobank

MB 817284

Synonymy

≡ Blepharospora cambivora Petri, Bot. Zh. SSSR (J. Bot. U.S.S.R.): 297 (1917) [MB146731]

Etymology

from the Latin "cambium" and “devouring”

Typification

Type: ITALY, Torino from Castanea sativa CBS 152.24 described as Blepharospora cambivora by Petri 1917

HerIMI: IMI 38995 authentic for the name of Blepharospora cambivora Petri 1928

Ex-type: CBS 152.24 (LOST)

Well-authenticated specimen(s) selected by Gloria Abad: 
Selected specimen #1: CPHST BL 155 = P19997 (WPC)
Selected specimen #2: CPHST BL 34G = P0592 (WPC)

Selected specimen #1 in other collections

CPHST BL 155 (Abad) (A1) = P19997 (WPC)
CPHST BL 34G (Abad) (A2) = P0592 (WPC) = CBS 114087, ATCC 46719, P592 [20]

Ex-type in other collections

(ENT) CBS 141218, NRRL 64019, TJ0197, P711, S&T BL 225 (Abad), V/3+4B

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora cambivora isolate CPHST BL 155 (= P19997 WPC) = ITS rDNA MG783387, COI MH136860
Phytophthora cambivora isolate CPHST BL 34G (= P0592 WPC) = ITS rDNA MG783388, COI MH136861

Additional sequences for molecular identification

Phytophthora cambivora isolate P0592: ITS rDNA HQ261516, COI HQ261263 

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora cambivora CPHST BL 155
• NCBI: Phytophthora cambivora P0592
• Phytophthora DATABASE: Phytophthora cambivora PD_00043 = P0592
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora cambivora 

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
7a

Genome sequence of selected specimen

Phytophthora cambivora CBS 114087 = CPHST BL 34G = P0592 WPC

Morphological identification

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colonies in V-8, PDA, and MEA with no distinctive pattern. Minimum temperature for growth is 2°C, optimum is 22–24°C, and maximum 32°C.

Asexual phase

Sporangia nonpapillate, persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
, ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
, or elipsoid (55–65 µm x 40–45 µm), showing internal and often nested proliferationnested proliferation:
a type of internal proliferation where a new sporangium develops successively inside the old sporangium after it has emptied
, oroginated on simple, unbranched sporangiophores. Hyphal swellings rarely produced and are coralloid with irregular shapes. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
are absent.

Sexual phase

Heterothallic. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
showing characteristic bullate wall projections, antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
amphygynous showing one or 2 cells when paired with the opposite mating typemating type:
molecular mechanisms that regulate compatibility in sexual reproduction in heterothallic species (also referred to as compatibility type); typically denoted as A1 or A2
. OosporesOospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
pleroticplerotic:
pertaining to an oospore that fills the oogonium (cf. aplerotic)
.

Most typical characters

Phytophthora cambivora is heterothallicheterothallic:
pertaining to sexual reproduction in which conjugation is possible only through interaction of different thalli (i.e. different mating types) (cf. homothallic)
, forming oogoniaoogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
with characteristic warty, or bullate walls, and 2-celled antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
.

Specimen(s) evaluated

Selected specimen #1: Phytophthora cambivora CPHST BL 155 (A1) (Abad) = P19997 [World Phytophthora Collection (WPC) California, USA]

Selected specimen #2: Phytophthora cambivora CPHST BL 34G (A2) (Abad) = P0592 [World Phytophthora Collection (WPC) California, USA]

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: cosmopolitan
Substrate: roots, stems, especially base of trunk
Disease note: canker, crown and root rot, often in conjunction with other Phytophthora spp.
Hosts: 30 genera in 19 families, including Castanea (chestnut, Fagaceae)

Retrieved January 29, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora ×cambivora
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora ×cambivora
• Forest Phytophthoras of the world: Phytophthora ×cambivora
• Wikipidia: Phytophthora ×cambivora
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora ×cambivora
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora ×cambivora

 

• Google All Phytophthora ×cambivora
• Google Images Phytophthora ×cambivora
• Google Scholar Phytophthora ×cambivora

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.