Name and publication

Phytophthora castaneae Katsura & K. Uchida (1976)

Katsura K. 1976. Two new species of Phytophthora causing damping-off of cucumber and trunk rot of chestnut. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 17: 238–242.

Nomenclature

Mycobank

MB283626

Synonymy

≡ Phytophthora katsurae W.H. Ko & H.S. Chang, Mycologia 71: 841. 1979, nom. nov., nom. illegit. [superfluous]

NOTE: Phytophthora castaneae Katsura & K. Uchida (1976) is the correct legitimate name for the taxon causing trunk rot of Castanea crenata, and Phytophthora katsurae is an illegitimate superfluous name (Pennycook S.R. 2013).

Typification

from Katsura (1976)

Type: JAPAN, Ibaraki from chesnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. Et Zucc.) trunk rot, 1971, K. Uchida No 1971-031 (deposited to the Plant Pathology Herbarium, Kyoto Prefectural University, Japan)

Ex-type: Culture P8 = NBRC 9753 = ICMP 19434 = WPC P10187 (Weir et al., 2015, taxonomic revision of species in Cladeclade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
5).

NOTES:

Deposit of culture into culture collection not indicated in original manuscript of Katsura 1976 [Weir et al (2015) published the taxonomic revision of species in Cladeclade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
5].

Sequences published by Weir et al (2015). ICMP 19434 = ITS KP295319, COX1 KP295234, YPT1 KP295426, HSP90 KP295288, L10 KP295375, ENL KP295265, NADH1 KP295346, TIGA KP295404

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 149821, NRRL 64367, NBRC 9753, ICMP 19434, WPC P10187, K. Katsura, 1971-031, Kuri 4, K. Uchida P8,  p45 (Gallegly), GAZ P990, S&T BL 47G (Abad), 22H6 (Hong)

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora castaneae isolate CPHST BL 47G (=P10187 WPC) = ITS rDNA MG865470, COI MH136866

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora castaneae CPHST BL 47G
• NCBI: Phytophthora castaneae P10187 (as P. katsurae)
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora castaneae
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora castaneae PHYTO019-10 = P10187 as Phytophthora katsurae (barcoding COI & ITS) 

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
5

Morphological identification

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology on V8-agar and MEA with slow growth and on PDA with non-distinct pattern. Minimum growth temperature 6°C; maximum 30°C, and optimum 22.3°C.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

Oogonia produced on V8A.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
papillatepapillate:
pertaining to the production of a distinct papilla at the distal end of the sporangium (cf. nonpapillate and semipapillate)
ocassionally bipapillate; persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
; limoniform, ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
to obturbinate, some asymmetric (10–43 µm long x 10–38 µm wide); originated mostly terminal but occasionally laterally attached and sometimes formed intercalarily in the sporangiophores. Hyphal swellings sometimes produced in the sporangiphore and close to sporangiumsporangium:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
spherical (12–19 µm in diam.).

Sexual phase

Homothallic. Oogonia have warty protuberances on the surface and a distinct funnel-shaped base (19–31 µm diam.); antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
amphigynousamphigynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium completely surrounds the stalk of the oogonium (cf. paragynous)
and spherical to ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
; oosporesoospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
(15–27 µm diam.).

Most typical characters

Phytophthora castaneae is characterized by the presence of oogoniaoogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
with warty protuberances on the surface and a distinct funnel-shaped base.

Specimen(s) evaluated:

Phytophthora castaneae ex-type CPHST BL 47G duplicate of P10187, World Phytophthora Collection

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Africa (Cote d'Ivoire), Asia (Japan, Taiwan), Caribbean (Jamaica), Pacific Islands (USA: HI), Papua New Guinea
Substrate: tree trunks, pods, fruit
Disease note: trunk rot of chestnut, fruit and heart rot of coconut
Hosts: Cocos nucifera (coconut, Arecaceae); Castanea crenata (chestnut, Fagaceae); also reported from Theobroma cacao (cacao, Malvaceae) (Erwin & Ribeiro 1996)

Retrieved January 29, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Quarantine status

USA: This species was listed as a species of concern during the 2009 Phytophthora prioritization project conducted by USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST PERAL (Schwartzburg et al.).

Additional references and links

Pennycook SR. 2013. Phytophthora castaneae, the correct name for P. katsurae nom. nov. superfl. Mycotaxon 121: 327-331.

Weir BS, Paredes EP, Anand N, Uchida JY, Shaun R, Pennycook SEB, and Beever RE. 2015. A taxonomic revision of Phytophthora Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
5 including two new species, Phytophthora agathidicida and Phytophthora cocois. Phytotaxa 205: 021-038.

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora castaneae
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora castaneae
• Forest Phytophthoras of the world : Phytophthora castaneae
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora castaneae
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora castaneae
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora castaneae
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora katsurae Nom. illegit., Art.52.1

 

• Google All Phytophthora castaneae
• Google Images Phytophthora castaneae
• Google Scholar Phytophthora castaneae
• Google All Phytophthora katsurae  (synonym)
• Google Images Phytophthora katsurae  (synonym)
• Google Scholar Phytophthora katsurae  (synonym)

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.