Name and publication

Phytophthora castanetorum T. Jung, M. Horta Jung, Bakonyi & Scanu (2017)

Jung T, Horta Jung M, Cacciola SO, Cech T, Bakonyi J, Seress D, Mosca S, Schena L, Seddaiu S, Pane A, Magnano di San Lio G, Maia C, Cravador A, Franceschini A, and Scanu B. 2017. Multiple new cryptic pathogenic Phytophthora species from Fagaceae forests in Austria, Italy and Portugal. IMA Fungus 8 (2): 219–244.

Corresponding author e-mail: bscanu@uniss.it

Nomenclature

from Jung et al. (2017)

Mycobank

MB819699

Etymology

referring to the association of this species with forests of Castanea sativa (Castanetum is the phytosociological term for a chestnut forest.)

Typification

Type: PORTUGAL, Algarve: Monchique, isolated from rhizosphere soil of a mature Castanea sativa tree, March 2015, T. Jung (CBS H-22983, holotype, dried culture on V8A)

Ex-type: CBS 142299 = BD 292

Sequences for ex-type: Phytophthora castanetorum isolate BD292 = ITS MF036182 and cox1 MF036266

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 142299, BD 292, S&T BL 201 (Abad) 

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora castanetorum isolate BD292 ITS rDNA MF036182

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora castanetorum BD292
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora castanetorum
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora castanetorum

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
12

Genome sequence

Phytophthora castanetorum strain ex-type ST_20191112 (= BL 201). Accession genome ASM1470611v1 reference, BioProject PRJNA640137, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T (2020)

Morphological identification

adapted from Jung et al. (2017)

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colonies on V8-A, PDA, and MEA with uniform shape. Optimum growth temperature 25°C, maximum 30°C. 

Conditions for growth and sporulation

Sporangia commonly observed in solid agar of older cultures and produced abundantly in nonsterile soil extract. GametangiaGametangia:
part of hypha specialized for fusion in sexual reproduction (see antheridium and oogonium)
readily produced in single culture by all isolates on V8A within 7–10 days.

Asexual phase

Sporangia semipapillate semipapillate:
pertaining to the production of shallow having papilla that are not well developed, shallow and less nipple-like than fully papillate structures
or nonpapillatenonpapillate:
pertaining to the production of a non-distinct, or inconspicuous, papilla at the distal end of the sporangium (cf. papillate and semipapillate)
; persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
; often forming a conspicuous basal plugbasal plug:
a plug protruding into a sporangium from the basal cross wall, separating it from the sporangiophore
that protrudes into the empty sporangiumsporangium:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
; ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, subglobose to globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
, obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
, ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
, or distorted (44.2–48.1 × 35.4–38.3 μm); originated on unbranched sporangiophores or in irregular lax or regular dense sympodiasympodia:
a type of sporangiophore which appears simple, but where each successive sporangium develops on a branch behind and to one side of the previous apex, where growth has already ceased
. Hyphal swellings small subglobose to limoniform, sometimes formed close to the sporangial base, sometimes catenulatecatenulate:
having a chain-like form
, and often with individual or radiating hyphal extensions. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
.

Sexual phase

Homothallic. Oogonia smooth-walled, elongated pyriformpyriform:
pear-shaped, with the narrowest part at the base (cf. obpyriform)
to ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
(24.5–41.5 μm); antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
almost exclusively paragynousparagynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium is attached to the side of the oogonium (cf. amphigynous)
and club-shaped to subglobose; oopores pleroticplerotic:
pertaining to an oospore that fills the oogonium (cf. aplerotic)
or apleroticaplerotic:
pertaining to a mature oospore that does not fill the oogonium; i.e. there is room left between the oospore wall and oogonium wall (cf. plerotic)
, thick-walled.

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Europe (Italy, Portugal)
Substrate: rhizosphere soil
Disease note: pathogenic to roots in pathogenicity tests
Hosts: Castanea sativa (Fagaceae)

Retrieved January 29, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora castanetorum
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora castanetorum
• Forest Phytophthoras of the world: Phytophthora castanetorum
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora castanetorum
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora castanetorum
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora castanetorum

 

• Google All Phytophthora castanetorum
• Google Images Phytophthora castanetorum
• Google Scholar Phytophthora castanetorum

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.