Name and publication

Phytophthora cichorii Bertier, H. Brouwer, de Cock & D.E.L. Cooke (2013)

Bertier L, Brouwer H, de Cock AWAM, Cooke DEL, Olsson CHB, and Höfte M. 2013. The expansion of Phytophthora cladeclade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
8b: three new species associated with winter grown vegetable crops. Persoonia 31: 63–76.

Corresponding author e-mail: monica.hofte@ugent.be

Nomenclature

from Bertier et al. (2013)

Mycobank

MB803102

Etymology

named after the host plant, Cichorium intybus (chicory)

Typification

Type: THE NETHERLANDS, from root of Cichorium intybus var. foliosum, 2004, holotype Herb. CBS H-21127 (dried culture)

Ex-type: CBS 115029 (deposited as culture ex-holotype)

NOTE: Isolate CBS 115029 produced oogoniaoogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
in a polycarbonate filter-separated mating setup with Phytophthora capsici CBS 128.23, a strain of A2 mating typemating type:
molecular mechanisms that regulate compatibility in sexual reproduction in heterothallic species (also referred to as compatibility type); typically denoted as A1 or A2
.

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: Phytophthora cichorii CBS 115029 = ITS KC478773, Cox1 KC478743

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 115029, WPC P19844, S&T BL 95 (Abad), 62A8 (Hong), ADC 04.07, CM-C

Selected specimens and sequences (from original paper)

• CBS 114345 – Cichorium intybus Netherlands 2003: ITS KC478774, Cox1 KC478744 
• CBS 115030 – Cichorium intybus Netherlands 2004: ITS KC478775, Cox1 KC478745 
• CBS 133815 SCRACE5388 Cichorium intybus UK 1999: ITS KC478776, Cox 1 KC478746 

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora cichorii isolate CBS 115029 = ITS rDNA KC478773

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora cichorii CBS 115029
• NCBI: Phytophthora cichorii 62A8
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora cichorii CBS 115029
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora cichorii (barcoding COI & ITS)

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
8b

Morphological identification

adapted from Bertier et al. (2013)

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colonies on CMA, V8, and PDA with no distinctive colonycolony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
pattern. Minimum temperature for growth 5°C, optimum 21°C, and maximum 27°C.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
semipapillatesemipapillate:
pertaining to the production of shallow having papilla that are not well developed, shallow and less nipple-like than fully papillate structures
, predominantly persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
, ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
, sometimes with distorted shapes or constrictions (30.6–142.9 × 20.7–63.1 μm, av 69.0–74.9 × 37.5–42.0 μm). SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
with elongated necks and bipapillate occur occasionally. Larger sporangiasporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
with distorted shapes are rarely observed. SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
often had thick basal plugs. SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
born in simple sympodial or irregular branched sporangiophores. Hyphal swellings are subglobose, elongate, and intercalaryintercalary:
positioned within a hypha (cf. terminal)
. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
absent.

Sexual phase

Heterothallicheterothallic:
pertaining to sexual reproduction in which conjugation is possible only through interaction of different thalli (i.e. different mating types) (cf. homothallic)
. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
smooth-walled, antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
amphigynousamphigynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium completely surrounds the stalk of the oogonium (cf. paragynous)
, often 2-celled, oosporesoospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
apleroticaplerotic:
pertaining to a mature oospore that does not fill the oogonium; i.e. there is room left between the oospore wall and oogonium wall (cf. plerotic)
to almost pleroticplerotic:
pertaining to an oospore that fills the oogonium (cf. aplerotic)
(av. 27.5 ± 2.4 μm wide).

Most typical characters

Phytophthora cichorii can be distinguished from related species morphologically by its heterothallicheterothallic:
pertaining to sexual reproduction in which conjugation is possible only through interaction of different thalli (i.e. different mating types) (cf. homothallic)
mating behavior and the occurrence of 2-celled antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
, and molecularly by ITS and cox1 sequence data.

Additional specimen(s) evaluated

Phytophthora cichorii CPHST BL 95 duplicate of P19844 (World Phytophthora Collection) duplicate of ex-type CBS 115029

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Europe (Great Britain, Netherlands)
Substrate: isolated from roots
Hosts: Cichorium intybus (Asteraceae)

Retrieved January 29, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora cichorii
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora cichorii
• Forest Phytophthoras of the world: Phytophthora cichorii
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora cichorii
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora cichorii
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora cichorii

 

• Google All Phytophthora cichorii
• Google Images Phytophthora cichorii
• Google Scholar Phytophthora cichorii

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.