Name and publication

Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff. (1919)

Pethybridge GH and Lafferty HA. 1919. A disease of tomato and other plants caused by a new species of Phytophthora. Scient. Proc. R. Dubl. Soc. N.S. 15: 487–503.

Nomenclature

Mycobank

MB231743

Synonymy

= Pythiomorpha oryzae S. Ito & Nagai, Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture of the Hokkaido Imperial University 32: 51 (1931) [MB273095]

Typification

from Pethybridge and Lafferty (1919)

Type: IRELAND, from root and stem of young tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) submitted from a nursery in the suburbs of Dublin to the Seeds and Plant Disease Division of the Irish Department of Agriculture in early summer 1916. P. cryptogea was also associated with aster and petunias. CBS H-7640 deposited to CBS by G.H. Pethybridge on Nov 1919.

Ex-type: CBS 113.19

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 113.19, NRRL 64127, CABI IMI180615 (PA), WPC P1738 (A1), P3448, BPIC 1189, S&T BL 16 (Abad), 61H9 (Hong)

NOTE: IMI 180615 (Ireland) no information for the host, deposit, and date for this isolate in HerbIMI.

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora cryptogea isolate CPHST BL 16 (= P1738 WPC) = ITS rDNA MG865483, COI MH136878 (This is a COI sequence, but listed as cox1 in NCBI.)

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora cryptogea CPHST BL 16
• NCBI: Phytophthora cryptogea P3448
• NCBI: Phytophthora cryptogea P1738
• NCBI: Phytophthora cryptogea CBS 113.19
• NCBI: Phytophthora cryptogea CBS 113.19, ITS rDNA: AF228100, L76542
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora cryptogea CBS 113.19 (BPIC 1189, IMI 180615, P1738).
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora cryptogea OOMYA007-07 = CBS 113.19, OOMYA504-08 = CBS 113.19 (barcoding COI & ITS)

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
8a

Morphological identification

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology after 7 days on PDA, V-8, and MEA faintly petaloid. Minimum growth temperature 3°C, optimum 24°C, and maximum 30°C.

Asexual phase

Sporangia nonpapillate, persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
, ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
, ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
, and with distorted shapes (23–38 × 35–62 µm), originated in unbranched or in simple sympodial sporangiophores. Hyphal swellings globose, subglobose, catenulatecatenulate:
having a chain-like form
, and produced in visible networks, some with radiating hyphaehyphae:
single, tubular filament of a fungal or oomycete thallus; the basic structural unit of a fungus or oomycete
. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
absent.

Sexual phase

Heterothallic. Oogonia with smooth wall, some with tapered bases, and becoming yellow with age, 28–37 µm; antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
amphigynousamphigynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium completely surrounds the stalk of the oogonium (cf. paragynous)
, oval or cylindrical (12–17 × 13–17 µm); oosporesoospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
pleroticplerotic:
pertaining to an oospore that fills the oogonium (cf. aplerotic)
(24–32 µm diam) with thick walls (3.5 µm). 

Most typical characters

Phytophthora cryptogea is characterized by the typical hyphal swellings that are produced in water cultures and turning to dense clusters in old cultures.

Specimen(s) evaluated

Phytophthora cryptogea ex-type CPHST BL 16 (A1), duplicate of P1738 (World Phytophthora Collection) which is a duplicate of CBS 113.19

Phytophthora cryptogea CPHST BL 139 (A2) (G. Abad selected specimen), duplicate of P1380 (World Phytophthora Collection)

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: cosmopolitan
Substrate: roots, stems, corms, leaves
Disease note: damping-off, foot rot, stem rot, leaf rot, wilt
Hosts: multiple hosts, roots/foliage, 141 genera in 49 families

Retrieved January 29, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional references and links

Note: some publications could contain isolates of closely related species in the Phytophthora cryptogea/Phytophthora drechsleri complex.

Pethybridge GH, Lafferty HA. 1919. A disease of tomato and other plants caused by a new species of Phytophthora. Scient. Proc. R. Dubl. Soc. N.S. 15: 487–503.

Hong S-B, Jee H-J, Kim S-H, and Go S-J. Evolutionary relationship among cucurbits isolates of Phytophthora cryptogea/Phytophthora drechsleri species complex and related species deduced from rDNA sequence analysis NCBI 02-FEB-2001 ITS: AF228100 (isotype) GGGGACG 1G deletion recheck

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora cryptogea
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora cryptogea
• Forest Phytophthoras of the world: Phytophthora cryptogea
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora cryptogea
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora cryptogea
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora cryptogea

 

• Google All Phytophthora cryptogae
• Google Images Phytophthora cryptogae
• Google Scholar Phytophthora cryptogae

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.