Name and publication

Phytophthora frigida Maseko, Cout. & M.J. Wingf. (2007)

Maseko B, Burgess TI, Coutinho TA, and Wingfield MJ. 2007. Two new Phytophthora species from South Africa. Mycol. Res. 111: 1321–1338.

Corresponding author: bongani.maseko@fabi.up.ac.za

Nomenclature

from Maseko et al. (2007)

Mycobank

MB511178

Etymology

refers to the fact that this species is cold tolerant

Typification

Type: REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, Natal Province: Sutton plantation, Ixopo, Eucalyptus smithii, Feb. 2001, B.O.Z Maseko, PREM 59222 dried culture with asexual structures on CMA with a corresponding microscope slide

Ex-type: culture CMW 20311

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: CMW 20311 = ITS rDNA: DQ988182 short 722bp; β tubulin: DQ988221

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 121941, NRRL 64110, CMW20311, PREM 59221, WPC P16947, S&T BL 39G (Abad), 47G8  (Hong)

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora frigida isolate CPHST BL 39G (= P16947 WPC) = ITS rDNA MG865496, COI MH136892

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora frigida CPHST BL 39G
• NCBI: Phytophthora frigida CMW 20311
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora frigida CBS 121941
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora frigida (barcoding COI & ITS)

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
2e

Morphological identification

adapted from Maseko et al. (2007)

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology after 7 days on PDA, V8A, and MEA with light stellate to rosaceous pattern. Minimum growth temperature 9°C, optimum 24–30°C, and maximum 33°C.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
papillatepapillate:
pertaining to the production of a distinct papilla at the distal end of the sporangium (cf. nonpapillate and semipapillate)
; caducouscaducous:
pertaining to sporangia that become dislodged readily (i.e. deciduous) and separate from the sporangiophore (cf. persistent)
with short pedicels; ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
, or irregular shaped (24–40 x 20–33 µm), originated in simple sympodial sporangiophores. Hyphal swellings globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
and intercalaryintercalary:
positioned within a hypha (cf. terminal)
. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
terminal, globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
(20–35 µm diam.), thin or thick-walled.

Sexual phase

Heterothallic. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
terminal, spherical with smooth walls (25–42 µm diam.); antheridia amphigynousamphigynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium completely surrounds the stalk of the oogonium (cf. paragynous)
, elongated, cylindrical, or spherical to ellipsoidal; oosporesoospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
plerotic/aplerotic (19–38 µm diam.). Original publication pairings with A1 & A2 Phythophthora nicotianae.

Additional specimen(s) evaluated

Phytophthora frigida ex-type CPHST BL 39G, duplicate of P16947 (World Phytophthora Collection), which is a duplicate of CBS 121941

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Africa (South Africa), South America (Brazil), Australia
Substrate: plant material, soil
Disease note: Eucalyptus collar and root rot
Host: Acacia decurrens, A. mearnsii (Fabaceae), Eucalyptus smithii (Myrtaceae)

Retrieved January 30, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional info:
Substrate: roots

Quarantine status

USA: This species was listed as a species of concern during the 2009 Phytophthora prioritization project conducted by USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST PERAL (Schwartzburg et al.).

Phytophthora frigida is also listed in the U.S. Regulated Plant Pest Table (last modified Nov. 15, 2017).

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora frigida
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora frigida
• Forest Phytophthoras of the world: Phytophthora frigida
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora frigida
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora frigida
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora frigida

 

• Google All Phytophthora frigida
• Google Images Phytophthora frigida
• Google Scholar Phytophthora frigida

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.