Name and publication

Phytophthora hedraiandra De Cock & Man in 't Veld (2004)

De Cock AWAM, Lévesque A, 2004. New species of Pythium and Phytophthora. Studies in Mycology 50: 481–488.

Corresponding author: Arthur W.A.M. de Cock, decock@cbs.knaw.nl

Nomenclature

from De Cock and Lévesque (2004)

Mycobank

MB500126

Etymology

refers to the mainly sessile and short-stalked antheridia

Typification

Type: THE NETHERLANDS, isolated from leaves of Viburnus sp. CBS H-12856, deposited in herb. CBS

Ex-type: CBS 111725

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: CBS 111725 = ITS AY707987 , Cox1 AY769115

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 111725, NRRL 66991, WPC P19523, S&T BL 4 (Abad), 62A5 (Hong), PD 20017520, TJ0069 (Jung)

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora hedraiandra isolate CPHST BL 4 (= P19523 WPC) = ITS rDNA MG865504, COI MH136898

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora hedraiandra CPHST BL 4
• NCBI: Phytophthora hedraiandra CBS 111725
• Q-bank: Phytophthora hedraiandra CBS 111725
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora hedraiandra (barcoding COI & ITS)

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
1a

Morphological identification

adapted from De Cock and Lévesque (2004)

Colonies and cardinal temperatures:

Colonies on V8-A with light chrysanthemum pattern, on PDA and MEA with non-distinctive pattern. Minimum temperature for growth 6°C, optimum 22–24°C, and maximum 30°C.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

Sporangia produced on solid media and water cultures, and chlamydosporeschlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
mostly observed in old CMA cultures.

Asexual phase

Sporangia papillate; caducouscaducous:
pertaining to sporangia that become dislodged readily (i.e. deciduous) and separate from the sporangiophore (cf. persistent)
with a very short pedicelpedicel:
the hyphal base of a sporangium that remains attached after the sporangium separates, or is shed, from the sporangiophore; the pedicel may be short (< 5 µm), medium (5–20 µm), or long (> 20 µm)
(2–5 μm); globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
to broadly ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
or oval, ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
, obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
(26–47 L x 21–37 W μm); occasionally single, terminal, or laterally sessile and with lateral displaced attachment; grown mostly on simple sympodial sporangiophores. Hyphal swellings absent. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall&nbsp;that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
and subglobose, positioned terminally or intercalaryintercalary:
positioned within a hypha (cf. terminal)
.

Sexual phase

Homothallichomothallic:
pertaining to sexual reproduction that can take place within a single thallus (i.e. self-fertile, non-outcrossing) (cf. heterothallic).
. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
smooth-walled, globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
(24–36 μm diam), sometimes with tapered basetapered base:
pertaining to the base of a sporangium or oogonium; funnel-shaped
, stalk often bent or coiled; antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
mostly paragynousparagynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium is attached to the side of the oogonium (cf. amphigynous)
, occasionally amphigynousamphigynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium completely surrounds the stalk of the oogonium (cf. paragynous)
, diclinousdiclinous:
the hypha bearing the antheridium originated from a different hypha than that of the oogonium (cf. monoclinous)
, rarely monoclinousmonoclinous:
the hypha bearing the antheridium originated from the same hypha as the oogonium (cf. diclinous)
, spherical, irregular, ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
or ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, club-shaped (8–20 L x 7–14 W μm), mostly laterally sessile, occasionally terminal, or unilaterally intercalaryintercalary:
positioned within a hypha (cf. terminal)
, attached near the oogonial stalk, one per oogoniumoogonium:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
, but in some occasions 2 or more antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
are observed, some antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
with spine or digitate projections; oosporesoospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
apleroticaplerotic:
pertaining to a mature oospore that does not fill the oogonium; i.e. there is room left between the oospore wall and oogonium wall (cf. plerotic)
(20–30 μm diam), wall up to 2 μm thick.

Most typical characters

Phytophthora hedraiandra is characterized by the shape and position of the antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
including the diclinousdiclinous:
the hypha bearing the antheridium originated from a different hypha than that of the oogonium (cf. monoclinous)
origin.

Additional specimen(s) evaluated

Phytophthora hedraiandra ex-type CPHST BL 4, duplicate of P19523 (World Phytophthora Collection), which is a duplicate of ex-type CBS 111725

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Europe (Hungary, Netherlands, UK), North America (USA: MN)
Substrate: leaves
Disease note: leaf spot, dieback, root rot, collar rot
Hosts: multiple hosts, foliage; Viburnum sp. (Adoxaceae), Rhododendron sp. (Ericaceae)

Retrieved January 30, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora hedraiandra
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora hedraiandra
• Forest Phytophthoras of the world: Phytophthora hedraiandra
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora hedraiandra
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora hedraiandra
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora hedraiandra

 

• Google All Phytophthora hedraiandra
• Google Images Phytophthora hedraiandra
• Google Scholar Phytophthora hedraiandra

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.