Name and publication

Phytophthora litoralis T. Jung, M.J.C. Stukely & T.I. Burgess (2011

Jung T, Stukely MJC, Hardy GE St, White MD, Paap T, Dunstan WA, and Burgess TI. 2011. Multiple new Phytophthora species from ITS Cladeclade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
6 associated with natural ecosystems in Australia: evolutionary and ecological implications. Persoonia 13: 13–39.

Nomenclature

from Jung et al (2011)

Mycobank

MB518765

Synonyms

referred to as P. sp. 11 by Burgess et al. (2009)

Etymology

refers to the frequent association of this species with coastal and riparian vegetation and the littoral zone of water bodies

Typification:

Type: AUSTRALIA, Western Australia, Ravensthorpe, from rhizosphere soil of dying Banksia sp., 2008, VHS, holotype MURU 463 (dried culture on V8A, Herbarium of Murdoch University, Western Australia)

Ex-type: CBS 127953 = VHS 20763

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: CBS 127953 = ITS rDNA = HQ012948, HSP90 = HQ012911, cox1 = HQ012866

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 127953, VHS20763, WPC P19591, S&T BL 70 (Abad), 55B9 (Hong)

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora litoralis isolate CPHST BL 70 (= P19591 WPC) = ITS rDNA MG865526, COI MH136921

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora litoralis CPHST BL 70 
• NCBI: Phytophthora litoralis CBS 127953
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora litoralis CBS 127953
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora litoralis (barcoding COI & ITS)

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
6b

Morphological identification

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology is uniform on V8A, stellate with sparse aerial myceliummycelium:
mass of hyphae constituting the body, or thallus, of fungi and oomycetes; in <em>Phytophthora</em> species, mycelia is coenocytic
on CA; petaloid, appressed to submerged colonies on MEA; and irregular and dense-felty on PDA. Minimum growth temperature 10°C, optimum 30°C and maximum 35°C.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
 are produced in water cultures (soil extract or river water) and not observed in solid media. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
are not observed in single culture or when paired with tester strains.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
 are nonpapillatenonpapillate:
pertaining to the production of a non-distinct, or inconspicuous, papilla at the distal end of the sporangium (cf. papillate and semipapillate)
, persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
, ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
to elongated ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
or limoniform with average dimensions of 43.6 ± 7.7 × 29.4 ± 5.4 μm (overall range 27.8–76.9 × 16.0–40.4 μm). Sporangiophores in simple sympodiasympodia:
a type of sporangiophore which appears simple, but where each successive sporangium develops on a branch behind and to one side of the previous apex, where growth has already ceased
and internal proliferationinternal proliferation:
internal proliferation occurs when the sporangiophore continues to grow through an empty sporangium
, both nested and extended, occurs in chains. External proliferationexternal proliferation:
formation of a sporangium after a sporangiophore has emerged from beneath and external to an empty sporangium that has previously emitted its zoospores (cf. internal proliferation)
leading to lax sympodiasympodia:
a type of sporangiophore which appears simple, but where each successive sporangium develops on a branch behind and to one side of the previous apex, where growth has already ceased
is also observed. Hyphal swellings are globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
, angular or irregular-elongated and often catenulatecatenulate:
having a chain-like form
. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall&nbsp;that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
 globose, 34.3 ± 5.3 μm.

Sexual phase

Sterile in culture.

Most typical characters

Phytophthora litoralis is in a species cluster with Phytophthora amnicola, Phytophthora fluvialis, Phytophthora moyootj, and Phytophthora thermophila, all recovered from waterways in Western Australia. They all have similar morphological features.

Specimen(s) evaluated

Australia, Western Australia, Ravensthorpe, from rhizosphere soil of dying Banksia sp., 2008, VHS, CBS 127953 = VHS 20763; Borden, from stream baiting, 2008, MUCC 763; MUCC 763; Hopetoun from a dying Banksia sp. 2007, VHS 17085; Wilga, from dying Xanthorrhoea preissii, 2008, VHS 19173

CPHST BL 70 = P9591 (WPC)

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Australia
Substrate: water, soil associated with dying plants
Disease note: decline
Host: Banksia sp. (Proteaceae), Xanthorrhoea preissii (Asphodelaceae), Rubus anglocandicans (Rosaceae)

Retrieved January 31, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional info
Distribution: Western Australia
Substrate: roots, collars, and rhizosphere soil
Disease note: no pathogenicity trials have been conducted
Hosts: occasionally isolated in association with other Phytophthora species in rhizosphaere soil collected in wetter areas

Additional references and links

Burgess TI, Webster JL, Ciampini JA, White DW, Hardy GESJ, Stukely MJC. 2009. Re-evaluation of Phytophthora species isolated during 30 years of vegetation health surveys in Western Australia using molecular techniques. Plant Disease 93, 215–223.

Hüberli D, Hardy GESJ, White D, Williams N, Burgess TI. 2013. Fishing for Phytophthora from Western Australia's waterways: A distribution and diversity survey. Australasian Plant Pathology 42: 251–260.

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora litoralis
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora litoralis
• Forest Phytophthoras of the world: Phytophthora litoralis
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora litoralis
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora litoralis
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora litoralis

 

• Google All Phytophthora litoralis
• Google Images Phytophthora litoralis
• Google Scholar Phytophthora litoralis

Fact sheet authors

Treena Burgess, Ph.D., Phytophthora Science and Management, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Australia

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.