Name and publication

Phytophthora multivora P.M. Scott & T. Jung (2009)

Scott PM, Burgess TI, Barber PA, Shearer BL, Stukely MJC, Hardy GE StJ, and Jung T. 2009. Phytophthora multivora sp. nov., a new species recovered from declining Eucalyptus, Banksia, Agonis, and other plant species in Western Australia. Persoonia 22: 1–13.

Corresponding author: G.Hardy@Murdoch.edu.au

Nomenclature

from Scott et al (2009)

Mycobank

MB512497

Synonym

referred to as P. sp. 4 by Burgess et al. 2009

Etymology

refers to the wide host range (multi L. = many, -vora L. = feeding)

Typification

Type: AUSTRALIA, collected in Western Australia, Yalgorup, from rhizosphere soil of declining Eucalyptus marginata, May 2007 by P. Scott & T. Jung MURU 434 (dried culture on V8A, Herbarium of Murdoch University, Western Australia)

Ex-type: CBS 124094 = WAC 13201

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: CBS 124094 = ITS FJ237521, coxI FJ237508, β-tubulin FJ665260

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 124094, NRRL 66992, WAC13201,  WPC P19594, S&T BL 104 (Abad), 55C5 (Hong)

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora multivora ex-type isolate CPHST BL 104 (= P19594 WPC) = ITS rDNA MG865546, COI MH136939

Phytophthora multivora selected specimen isolate CPHST BL 26 (= P19568 WPC) = ITS rDNA MG865545, COI MH136938

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora multivora CPHST BL 104
• NCBI: Phytophthora multivora CBS 124094
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora multivora CBS 124094 = WAC 13201
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora multivora (barcoding COI & ITS)

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
2c

Morphological identification

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology is stellate on V8A and MEA, and petaloid and felty to fluffy on PDA. Minimum growth temperature 5°C, optimum 25°C, and maximum 32.5°C.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
 are produced in water cultures (soil extract or river water) and not observed in solid media. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
are formed readily in single-strain culture on CA and V8A after about 7 d.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
 are semipapillatesemipapillate:
pertaining to the production of shallow having papilla that are not well developed, shallow and less nipple-like than fully papillate structures
, persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
, and ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, limoniform, or ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
in shape. SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
with two or three papillaepapillae:
a small rounded or conic protuberance, generally translucent, on the wall of sporangia that breaks open and serves as the exit-point of zoospores
are common. SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
average 51.0 ± 10.4 × 30.0 ± 5.1 µm (overall range of 36–58 × 13–33 µm). Sporangiophores in simple sympodiasympodia:
a type of sporangiophore which appears simple, but where each successive sporangium develops on a branch behind and to one side of the previous apex, where growth has already ceased
, but occasional external proliferationexternal proliferation:
formation of a sporangium after a sporangiophore has emerged from beneath and external to an empty sporangium that has previously emitted its zoospores (cf. internal proliferation)
can result in lax sympodiasympodia:
a type of sporangiophore which appears simple, but where each successive sporangium develops on a branch behind and to one side of the previous apex, where growth has already ceased
. Hyphal swellings absent; ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
absent.

Sexual phase

Homothallic. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
are globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
with smooth walls, average size 26.5 ± 1.9 µm (overall range 19–37 µm). OosporesOospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
are nearly pleroticplerotic:
pertaining to an oospore that fills the oogonium (cf. aplerotic)
, globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
with thick walls, average size 23.6 ± 1.8 µm (17.3–33.1). AntheridiaAntheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
paragynousparagynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium is attached to the side of the oogonium (cf. amphigynous)
.

Most typical characters

Phytopthora multivora is part of a complex that includes P. citricola, P. plurivora, P. pini, P. acerina, and P. pachypleura. Species in this complex have very similar morphological features.

Specimen(s) evaluated

Australia, Western Australia, Yalgorup, from rhizosphere soil of declining Eucalyptus marginata, May 2007, P. Scott & T. Jung, WAC 13201 = CBS 124094; WAC 13205; from rhizosphere of declining Eucalyptus gomphocephala, WAC 13200; WAC 13202; WAC 13203; from rhizosphere of Agonis flexuosa, WAC 1320

WPC P19594, CPHST BL 104 (ex-type duplicate) 

WPC P19568, CPHST BL 26 (selected specimen)

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: widespread
Substrate: living leaves, roots
Disease note: leaf spot
Host: wide host range

Retrieved January 31, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional info
Distribution: Western Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, USA, Europe
Substrate: roots, rhizosphere soil, basal and stem cankers, and shoots of some hosts
Disease note: pathogenic toward Eucalyptus gomphocephala, E. marginata, Agonis flexuosa; implicated in decline of Eucalyptus gomphocephala
Hosts: numerous, including Acacia sp., Adenanthos cuneatus, Agonis flexuosa, Banksia baxteri, Banksia menziesii, Banksia grandis, Banksia littoralis, Banksia attenuata, Banksia prionotes, Banksia media, Banksia formosa, Banksia oreophila, Banksia quercifolia, Banksia seminuda, Banksia speciosa, Billardiera sp., Bossiaea aquifolium, Bossiaea sp., Casuarina obesa, Conospermum stoechadis, Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus marginata, Eucalyptus gomphocephala, Gastrolobium spinosum, Grevillea prostrata, Hakea undulata, Isopogon sp., Lambertia echinata, Lambertia inermis, Leucopogon capitellatus, Leucopogon verticillatus, Macrozamia riedlei, Patersonia occidentalis, Persoonia longifolia, Podocarpus drouyniana, Pultenaea reticulata, Stirlingia latifolia, Tremandra stelligera, Xanthorrhoea gracilis, Xanthorrhoea preissii, Xanthorrhoea platyphylla, Xanthorrhoea drummondii

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora multivora
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora multivora
• Forest Phytophthoras of the world: Phytophthora multivora
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora multivora
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora multivora
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora multivora

 

• Google All Phytophthora multivora
• Google Images Phytophthora multivora
• Google Scholar Phytophthora multivora

Fact sheet authors

Treena Burgess, Ph.D., Phytophthora Science and Management, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Australia

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.