Name and publication

Phytophthora pluvialis Reeser, W. Sutton & E.M. Hansen (2013)

Reeser P, Sutton W, and Hansen E. 2013. Phytophthora pluvialis, a new species from mixed tanoak-Douglas fir forests of western Oregon, U.S.A. North American Fungi 8: 1–8.

Corresponding author: Paul Reeser, reeserp@science.oregonstate.edu

Nomenclature

from Reeser et al. (2013)

Mycobank

MB803172

Etymology

refers to the rain-associated canopy drip from which many isolates were recovered

Typification

Type: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, from baited rainwater near Brookings isolated in Oregon (N42.11185, W-124.25657) in February 2008; dried culture from OSU LC-9.2-020508

Ex-type: MYA-4930

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: LC-9.2-020508 = ITS rDNA KC529657, Cox 2 KC529656

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) ATCC MYA-4930, LC-9.2-020508, 60B3 (Hong)

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora pluvialis isolate LC-9.2-020508 ITS rDNA KC529657

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora pluvialis LC-9.2-020508
• NCBI: Phytophthora pluvialis 60B3
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora pluvialis
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora pluvialis (barcoding COI & ITS)

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
3

Morphological identification

adapted from Reeser et al. (2013)

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology on PDA, V8A, MEA with petaloid pattern. Minimum growth temperature 5°C, optimum 20°C, and maximum 25°C.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

Sporangia and hyphal swellings formed in water.

Asexual phase

Sporangia semipapillate, sometimes bipapillated; partially caducouscaducous:
pertaining to sporangia that become dislodged readily (i.e. deciduous) and separate from the sporangiophore (cf. persistent)
with medium-length pedicels (7–22 μm); ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
or slightly irregular (53–67 L x 39–45 W μm); originated in unbranched or simple sympodial sporangiophores. Hyphal swellings globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
, catenulatecatenulate:
having a chain-like form
and lobate, intercalaryintercalary:
positioned within a hypha (cf. terminal)
with radiating hyphaehyphae:
single, tubular filament of a fungal or oomycete thallus; the basic structural unit of a fungus or oomycete
. Chlamydospores absent.

Sexual phase

Homothallic. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
smooth-walled, globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
(29–35 µm diam); antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
amphigynousamphigynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium completely surrounds the stalk of the oogonium (cf. paragynous)
; oosporesoospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
apleroticaplerotic:
pertaining to a mature oospore that does not fill the oogonium; i.e. there is room left between the oospore wall and oogonium wall (cf. plerotic)
(26–30 µm diam).

Most typical characters

Phytophthora pluvialis is characterized by the presence of semipapillated, partially caducouscaducous:
pertaining to sporangia that become dislodged readily (i.e. deciduous) and separate from the sporangiophore (cf. persistent)
sporangia with medium-length pedicelpedicel:
the hyphal base of a sporangium that remains attached after the sporangium separates, or is shed, from the sporangiophore; the pedicel may be short (< 5 µm), medium (5–20 µm), or long (> 20 µm)
, and the presence of globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
, catenulatecatenulate:
having a chain-like form
, lobate, and radiating hyphal swellings.

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: North America (USA: OR), New Zealand
Substrate: needles, twigs
Disease note: needle cast, shoot dieback, stem lesions
Host: in association with twig cankers of Notholithocarpus (Fagaceae), Pinus radiata, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Pinaceae)

Retrieved February 01, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora pluvialis
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora pluvialis
• Forest Phytophthoras of the World: Phytophthora pluvialis
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora pluvialis
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora pluvialis
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora pluvialis

 

• Google All Phytophthora pluvialis
• Google Images Phytophthora pluvialis
• Google Scholar Phytophthora pluvialis

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.