Name and publication

Phytophthora polonica Belbahri, E. Moralejo & Lefort  (2006) 

Belbahri L, Moralejo E, Calmin G, Oszako T, Garci­a, JA, Descals E, Lefort F. 2006. Phytophthora polonica, a new species isolated from declining Alnus glutinosa in Poland. FEMS Microbiology Letters 261: 165–174. 

Corresponding author: lassaad.belbahri@etat.ge.ch

Nomenclature

from Belbahri et al. (2006)

Mycobank

MB501096

Etymology

refers to the country where it was isolated

Typification

Type: POLAND, Kolo, isolated from rhizosphere of Alnus glutinosa on July 2004 by T. Oszako; UASWS0198 dry culture in carrot agar deposited in “Herbarium Universitatis Helvaticae Occidentalis”

Ex-type: CBS 119650

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript

Phytophthora polonica UASWS0198 = ITS rDNA DQ396410, β-Tubulin: DQ399844, translation elongation factor (TEF-1a): DQ399850, NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (NADH) (Kroon et al 2004): DQ399847 (in NCBI as P131445)

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 119650, UASWS0198, WPC P19522 P19846, S&T BL 109 (Abad)

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora polonica isolate UASWS0198 = ITS rDNA DQ396410
Phytophthora polonica isolate CPHST BL 109 (= P19522 WPC) COI MH136960

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora polonica CPHST BL 109
• NCBI: Phytophthora polonica CBS 119650
• NCBI: Phytophthora polonica P131445
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora polonica CBS 119650 
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora polonica (barcoding COI & ITS)

NOTE: There is some variety in how the code is cited in the above databases. Q-bank: CBS 119650 (= UASWS189 = UASWS0189 = P13445 not WPC code); Q-bank and WPC as P13445, NCBI as P131445; Q-bank and WPC as UASWS0189 = original manuscript as UASWS0198).

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
9b

Morphological identification

adapted from Belhari et al. (2009)

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology on PDA, V8A, MEA with rosette pattern. Minimum growth temperature 6°C, optimum 24–27°C, and maximum 33°C.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

Sporangia not formed in culture media. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
and hyphal swellings formed in agar or in soil water extract.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
nonpapillatenonpapillate:
pertaining to the production of a non-distinct, or inconspicuous, papilla at the distal end of the sporangium (cf. papillate and semipapillate)
; persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
; mostly ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
to obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
(37–67 L x 31–48 W µm), proliferating internally, often nested or catenulatecatenulate:
having a chain-like form
; originated on long unbranched sporangiophores. Hyphal swellings globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
or irregularly shaped, frequently catenulatecatenulate:
having a chain-like form
, toruloidtoruloid:
having swellings at intervals
or single, intercalaryintercalary:
positioned within a hypha (cf. terminal)
, or lateral. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
abundant spherical, subglobose or pyriformpyriform:
pear-shaped, with the narrowest part at the base (cf. obpyriform)
(16–69 µm), intercalaryintercalary:
positioned within a hypha (cf. terminal)
, lateral, or terminal.

Sexual phase

Homothallic. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
smooth-walled; spherical to subglobose (28–48 µm diam); antheridia predominantly paragynousparagynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium is attached to the side of the oogonium (cf. amphigynous)
and sometimes amphigynousamphigynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium completely surrounds the stalk of the oogonium (cf. paragynous)
, mostly bell-shaped to irregularly shaped, less frequently globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
or cylindrical; oosporesoospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
apleroticaplerotic:
pertaining to a mature oospore that does not fill the oogonium; i.e. there is room left between the oospore wall and oogonium wall (cf. plerotic)
to nearly pleroticplerotic:
pertaining to an oospore that fills the oogonium (cf. aplerotic)
(27–44 µm diam). A high proportion of aborted oogoniaoogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
are observed.

Most typical characters

Phytophthora polonica is characterized by the presence of hyphal swellings and chlamydosporeschlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
and the shape of the antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
.

Additional specimen(s) evaluated

Phytophthora polonica ex-type CPHST BL 109 = P19522 (World Phytophthora Collection) 

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Europe (Poland), North America (USA: CT)
Substrate: soil, water
Disease note: slight disease on Alnus twigs in experiments
Host: Alnus glutinosa (Betulaceae)

Retrieved February 01, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional info:
Substrate: rhizosphere

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora polonica
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora polonica
• Forest Phytophthora of the world: Phytophthora polonica
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora polonica
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora polonica
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora polonica

 

• Google All Phytophthora polonica
• Google Images Phytophthora polonica
• Google Scholar Phytophthora polonica

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.