Name and publication

Phytophthora tentaculata Kröber & Marwitz (1993)

Kröber H and Marwitz R. 1993. Phytophthora tentaculata sp. nov. und Phytophthora cinnamomi var. parvispora var. nov. zwei neue Pilze von Deutschland. Z. Pflanzenk. Pflanzen. 100: 250–258.

Nomenclature

from Kröber and Marwitz (1993)

Mycobank

MB360186

Etymology

tentaculatus = “tentacles elongated,” refers to the hyphahypha:
single, tubular filament of a fungal or oomycete thallus; the basic structural unit of a fungus or oomycete
of the diclinousdiclinous:
the hypha bearing the antheridium originated from a different hypha than that of the oogonium (cf. monoclinous)
antheridia

Typification

Type: GERMANY, from Chrysanthemum frutescens L. (Compositae), collected by R. Marwitz in Frankfurt/Main in 1990, BBA 65425 (Institut fur Mikrobiologie, Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Berlin-Dahlem)

Ex-type: no code for the ex-type provided in the original manuscript

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 412.96, WPC P8496, S&T BL 29 (Abad)

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora tentaculata isolate CPHST BL 29 (= P8496 WPC) = ITS rDNA MG865591, COI MH136983

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora tentaculata CPHST BL 29
• NCBI: Phytophthora tentaculata P8496
• NCBI: Phytophthora tentaculata CBS 412.96
• Q-bank: Phytophthora tentaculata CBS 412.96
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora tentaculata OOMYA2107 [COI-5P:624, ITS:792] = CBS 412.96 (barcoding COI & ITS)

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
1b

Morphological identification

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology on CMA, PDA, and V-8 agar with no distinctive pattern. The minimum temperature for growth is 6°C, optimum 20–25°C, and maximum 30°C.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

Oogonia form abundantly in culture.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
papillatepapillate:
pertaining to the production of a distinct papilla at the distal end of the sporangium (cf. nonpapillate and semipapillate)
, some bipapillate; caducouscaducous:
pertaining to sporangia that become dislodged readily (i.e. deciduous) and separate from the sporangiophore (cf. persistent)
with short pedicels; ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
, or distorted shapes (25–60 µm length x 15–45 µm width) many with elongated necks; originated in unbranched or simple sympodial sporangiohores. Hyphal swellings are small, intercalaryintercalary:
positioned within a hypha (cf. terminal)
, and with radiating hyphaehyphae:
single, tubular filament of a fungal or oomycete thallus; the basic structural unit of a fungus or oomycete
. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
spherical (20–45 µm diam.), intercalaryintercalary:
positioned within a hypha (cf. terminal)
or terminal.

Sexual phase

Homothallichomothallic:
pertaining to sexual reproduction that can take place within a single thallus (i.e. self-fertile, non-outcrossing) (cf. heterothallic).
. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
smooth-walled, globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
(20–49 µm diam.); antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
paragynousparagynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium is attached to the side of the oogonium (cf. amphigynous)
, one to two, rarely three per oogoniumoogonium:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
, spherical, ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
, or irregular (20–35 µm), often attached distant from the oogonial stalk, diclinousdiclinous:
the hypha bearing the antheridium originated from a different hypha than that of the oogonium (cf. monoclinous)
antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
very common, amphigynousamphigynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium completely surrounds the stalk of the oogonium (cf. paragynous)
antheridia occasionally produced; oosporesoospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
pleroticplerotic:
pertaining to an oospore that fills the oogonium (cf. aplerotic)
, apleroticaplerotic:
pertaining to a mature oospore that does not fill the oogonium; i.e. there is room left between the oospore wall and oogonium wall (cf. plerotic)
, or slightly apleroticaplerotic:
pertaining to a mature oospore that does not fill the oogonium; i.e. there is room left between the oospore wall and oogonium wall (cf. plerotic)
, spherical (14–38 µm diam.).

Most typical characters

Phytophthora tentaculata is characterized by the presence of hyphal swellings and by the shape of the caducouscaducous:
pertaining to sporangia that become dislodged readily (i.e. deciduous) and separate from the sporangiophore (cf. persistent)
sporangia.

Specimen(s) evaluated

Phytophthora tentaculata ex-type CPHST BL 29, duplicate of P8496 (World Phytophthora Collection)

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Asia (China), Europe (Italy, Spain, Germany), North America (USA: CA)
Substrate: roots, stems
Disease note: root rot, stem rot. Heavily infected plants are killed (Kroeber & Marwitz, 1993).
Host: Chrysanthemum spp., Santolina (Asteraceae), Mimulus aurantiacus (Phrymaceae), Verbena (Verbenaceae)

Retrieved February 01, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Quarantine status

USA: This species was listed as a species of concern during the 2009 Phytophthora prioritization project conducted by USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST PERAL (Schwartzburg et al.).

Phytophthora tentaculata is also listed in the U.S. Regulated Plant Pest Table (last modified Nov. 15, 2017).

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora tentaculata
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora tentaculata
• Forest Phytophthoras of the world: Phytophthora tentaculata
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora tentaculata
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora tentaculata
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora tentaculata

 

• Google All Phytophthora tentaculata
• Google Images Phytophthora tentaculata
• Google Scholar Phytophthora tentaculata

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.