Name and publication

Phytophthora tubulina T. Jung, T. Cech, Scanu, M. Horta Jung & Bakonyi (2017)

Jung T, Horta Jung M, Cacciola SO, Cech T, Bakonyi J, Seress D, Mosca S, Schena L, Seddaiu S, Pane A, Magnano di San Lio G, Maia C, Cravador A, Franceschini A, and Scanu B. 2017. Multiple new cryptic pathogenic Phytophthora species from Fagaceae forests in Austria, Italy, and Portugal. IMA Fungus 8 (2): 219–244.

Corresponding author e-mail: bscanu@uniss.it

Nomenclature

from Jung et al. (2017)

Mycobank

MB819701

Etymology

refers to the tubular shape of many oogoniaoogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
(tubulina Lat., tubular)

Typification

Type: AUSTRIA, Lower Austria; Dunkelsteiner Forst, isolated from rhizosphere soil of a mature Fagus sylvatica tree, Sept. 2010, T. Jung (CBS H-22557–holotype, dried culture on V8A)

Ex-type: CBS 141212 = TUB1

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: Phytophthora tubulina isolate TUB1 = ITS rDNA MF036196, cox1 MF036277

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 141212, NRRL 64149, S&T BL 200 (Abad), TJ0271 (Jung), TUB1, TUB II/1

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora tubulina isolate TUB1 = ITS rDNA MF036196

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora tubulina TUB1
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora tubulina 
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora tubulina 

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
12

Genome sequence

Phytophthora tubulina strain ex-type ST_20191127 (ET) (= BL 200). Accession genome ASM1470613v1 reference, BioProject PRJNA640137, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T (2020)

Morphological identification

adapted from Jung et al. (2017)

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology on PDA, V8A, MEA with nondistinctive pattern. The optimum temperature is 25°C and maximum 30°C.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

Sporangia infrequently observed in solid agar, abundantly produced in nonsterile soil extract; gametangiagametangia:
part of hypha specialized for fusion in sexual reproduction (see antheridium and oogonium)
readily produced in single culture on V8A within 10 days.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
nonpapillatenonpapillate:
pertaining to the production of a non-distinct, or inconspicuous, papilla at the distal end of the sporangium (cf. papillate and semipapillate)
, sometimes bipapillate or tripapillate; persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
sometimes caducouscaducous:
pertaining to sporangia that become dislodged readily (i.e. deciduous) and separate from the sporangiophore (cf. persistent)
; ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, elongated, obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
, limoniform, subglobose, ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
(29.5–98.5 μm length x 19.0–59.0 μm width); originated on unbranched sporangiophores, in lax sympodiasympodia:
a type of sporangiophore which appears simple, but where each successive sporangium develops on a branch behind and to one side of the previous apex, where growth has already ceased
, on short lateral sporangiophores, or intercalaryintercalary:
positioned within a hypha (cf. terminal)
. Hyphal swellings subglobose to limoniform, often catenulatecatenulate:
having a chain-like form
and with radiating hyphaehyphae:
single, tubular filament of a fungal or oomycete thallus; the basic structural unit of a fungus or oomycete
, infrequently produced on sporangiophores. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
absent.

Sexual phase

Homothallichomothallic:
pertaining to sexual reproduction that can take place within a single thallus (i.e. self-fertile, non-outcrossing) (cf. heterothallic).
. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
with smooth walls and with tapering base, globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
to subglobose, elongated to tubular, or eccentric (16.5–42.5 μm diam.); antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
paragynousparagynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium is attached to the side of the oogonium (cf. amphigynous)
, subglobose to club-shaped; oosporesoospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
pleroticplerotic:
pertaining to an oospore that fills the oogonium (cf. aplerotic)
or apleroticaplerotic:
pertaining to a mature oospore that does not fill the oogonium; i.e. there is room left between the oospore wall and oogonium wall (cf. plerotic)
, usually globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
, less frequently elongated, some oogoniaoogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
with two oosporesoospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
of which one is usually aborted.

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Europe (Austria)
Substrate: rhizosphere soil
Disease note: pathogenic to roots in pathogenicity tests
Host: Fagus sylvatica (Fagaceae)

Retrieved February 01, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora tubulina
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora tubulina
• Forest Phytophthora of the world: Phytophthora tubulina
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora tubulina
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora tubulina
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora tubulina

 

• Google All Phytophthora tubulina
• Google Images Phytophthora tubulina
• Google Scholar Phytophthora tubulina 

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.