Name and publication

Phytophthora tyrrhenica Scanu, Cacciola, Seddaiu, Bakonyi & T. Jung (2017)

Jung T, Horta Jung M, Cacciola SO, Cech T, Bakonyi J, Seress D, Mosca S, Schena L, Seddaiu S, Pane A, Magnano di San Lio G, Maia C, Cravador A, Franceschini A, and Scanu B. 2017. Multiple new cryptic pathogenic Phytophthora species from Fagaceae forests in Austria, Italy, and Portugal. IMA Fungus 8 (2): 219–244.

Corresponding author e-mail: bscanu@uniss.it

Nomenclature

from Jung et al. (2017)

Mycobank

MB819700

Etymology

refers to the origin of all known isolates in the Tyrrhenian islands Sardinia and Sicily (tyrrhenica Lat., Tyrrhenian)

Typification

Type: ITALY, Sardinia; Tergu, isolated from rhizosphere soil of a mature Quercus ilex tree, May 2012, B. Scanu (CBS H-22984–holotype, dried culture on V8A)

Ex-type: CBS 142301 = PH154

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: Phytophthora tyrrhenica isolate PH154 = ITSrDNA KU899188, cox1 KU899343

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 142301, NRRL 64153, S&T BL 222 (Abad), PH154, TJ1153 (Jung)

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora tyrrhenica isolate PH154 = ITS rDNA KU899188

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora tyrrhenica PH154
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora tyrrhenica 
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora tyrrhenica 

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
7a

Morphological identification

adapted from Jung et al. (2017)

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology on CA, V8A, and PDA uniform, very limited and irregular growth on MEA. Optimum growth temperature 20°C, maximum 25–30°C.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

Sporangia not observed on solid agar but produced abundantly after 24 h in nonsterile soil extract; gametangiagametangia:
part of hypha specialized for fusion in sexual reproduction (see antheridium and oogonium)
produced in single culture on V8A.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
nonpapillatenonpapillate:
pertaining to the production of a non-distinct, or inconspicuous, papilla at the distal end of the sporangium (cf. papillate and semipapillate)
; persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
; ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
, elongated, limoniform, ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
(66–70 μm length x 27.5–31.9 μm width); presenting internal (usually nested) and external proliferationexternal proliferation:
formation of a sporangium after a sporangiophore has emerged from beneath and external to an empty sporangium that has previously emitted its zoospores (cf. internal proliferation)
; originated on unbranched sporangiophores. Hyphal swellings catenulatecatenulate:
having a chain-like form
, intercalaryintercalary:
positioned within a hypha (cf. terminal)
, globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
to subglobose or irregular. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
absent.

Sexual phase

Homothallichomothallic:
pertaining to sexual reproduction that can take place within a single thallus (i.e. self-fertile, non-outcrossing) (cf. heterothallic).
. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
smooth-walled, globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
to subglobose (25–39.5 μm diam.), often with a tapering base; antheridiaantheridia:
the male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the wall of the female gametangium (the oogonium)
paragynousparagynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium is attached to the side of the oogonium (cf. amphigynous)
, clavate, globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
to subglobose; oosporesoospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
pleroticplerotic:
pertaining to an oospore that fills the oogonium (cf. aplerotic)
(24.5–40 μm diam.) and usually containing a large ooplast.

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Europe (Italy)
Substrate: rhizosphere soil
Disease note: pathogenic to roots in pathogenicity tests
Host: Quercus ilex, Q. suber (Fagaceae)

Retrieved February 01, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora tyrrhenica
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora tyrrhenica
• Forest Phytophthora of the world: Phytophthora tyrrhenica
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora tyrrhenica
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora tyrrhenica
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora tyrrhenica

 

• Google All Phytophthora tyrrhenica
• Google Images Phytophthora tyrrhenica
• Google Scholar Phytophthora tyrrhenica

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.