Name and publication

Phytophthora versiformis T. Paap & T.I. Burgess (2017)

Paap T, Croeser L, White D, Aghighi S, Barber PA, Hardy GES, Burgess TI. 2017. Phytophthora versiformis sp nov., a new species from Australia related to P. quercina. Australasian Plant Pathology 46: 369–378.

Corresponding author: trudy.paap@fabi.up.ac.za

Nomenclature

Mycobank

MB 820727

Etymology

named after the highly variable morphology of the sporangia

Typification

Type:  AUSTRALIA, Western Australia, Williams, from rhizosphere soil of Corymbia calophylla, March 2013; collected by Trudy Paap, holotype MURU 474 (dried culture on V8A, Herbarium of Murdoch University, Western Australia)

Ex-type: CBS 142005 = TP13.46

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: Phytophthora versiformis strain TP13.46 = ITS KX011279, β-tubulin KX011321, HSP90 KX011256, cox1 KX011222, and NADH KX011302 

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 142005, TP13.46, S&T BL 189 (Abad)

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora versiformis isolate TP13.46 = ITS rDNA KX011279,

Phytophthora versiformis isolate CPHST BL 189 (TP13.46) = COI MH477760

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora versiformis CPHST BL 189
• NCBI:  Phytophthora versiformis TP13.46
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora versiformis 
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora versiformis

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
12

Genome sequence

Phytophthora versiformis strain ex-type ST_20190930 (= BL 189). Accession genome ASM1470621v1 reference, BioProject PRJNA640137, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T (2020)

Morphological identification

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colony colony:
assemblage of hyphae which usually develops form a single source and grows in a coordinated way
morphology on V8, PDA, MEA, and CA are uniform, appressed, with regular smooth margins. Growth is very slow on all media. Minimum growth temperature 4°C, optimum 20°C, and maximum 28°C.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
 are produced in water cultures (soil extract or river water) and not observed in solid media. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
are formed irregularly in single-strain culture on CA and V8 after about 20 d.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
papillatepapillate:
pertaining to the production of a distinct papilla at the distal end of the sporangium (cf. nonpapillate and semipapillate)
or semipapillatesemipapillate:
pertaining to the production of shallow having papilla that are not well developed, shallow and less nipple-like than fully papillate structures
, and often displaced; predominantly ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, but broad-ovoid, obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
, ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
, globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
, and distorted shapes also observed. SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
averaged 36.6 ± 11.2 x 24.2 ± 4.6 µm and ranged 19.7–81.1 x 14.5–36.9 µm. Sporangiophores simple, often with a swollen base, with no proliferationproliferation:
formation of a sporangium within an empty sporangium that has previously emitted zoospores (internal or nested) or after the sporangiophore has emerged from the empty sporangium (external)
. Hyphal swellings of various shapes and often branched. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
absent.

Sexual phase

Homothallic. OogoniaOogonia:
the female gametangium in which the oospore forms after fertilization by the antheridium
average 33.3 ± 2.9 µm (27.6–39 µm). OosporesOospores:
zygote or thick-walled spore that forms within the oogonium after fertilization by the antheridium; may be long-lived
thick-walled and turn golden brown on maturity, average size was 29.5 ± 2.9 µm (24.8–35.7 µm). Antheridia paragynousparagynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium is attached to the side of the oogonium (cf. amphigynous)
.

Most typical characters

The most typical features for Phytophthora versiformis are sporangia with highly variable shapes and its slow growth rate.

Specimen(s) evaluated

Australia; Western Australia all from rhizosphere soil and roots of Corymbia calophylla, collected by Trudy Paap in 2013, Williams, CBS 142005 = TP13.46; Tenterton, TP13.05; Albany, TP13.07; Marradong, TP13.14; Cape Naturaliste, TP13.29; Jurien, TP13.42; collected by Louise Croeser in Perup, March 2013, MJ5; collected by Paul Barber in Perth, March 2011, PAB11.87

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Australia
Substrate: roots, rhizosphere soil
Disease note: pathogenicity doubtful
Host: Corymbia calophylla (Myrtaceae)

Retrieved February 01, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional info:
Distribution: Western Australia
Substrate: roots and rhizosphere soil
Disease Note: can infect host, and cause small lesions on fine roots, but does not kill the host
Hosts: Corymbia calophylla

Additional references and links

Barber PA, Paap T, Burgess TI, Dunstan WA, Hardy GES. 2013. A diverse range of Phytophthora species are associated with dying urban trees in an Australian capital city. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 12: 569–575.

 

• SMML USDA-ARS:  Phytophthora versiformis
• EPPO Global Database:  Phytophthora versiformis
• Forest Phytophthora of the world: Phytophthora versiformis
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora versiformis
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL):  Phytophthora versiformis
• Index Fungorum (IF):  Phytophthora versiformis

 

• Google All Phytophthora versiformis
• Google Images Phytophthora versiformis
• Google Scholar Phytophthora versiformis

Fact sheet authors

Treena Burgess, Ph.D., Phytophthora Science and Management, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Australia

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.