Name and publication

Phytophthora virginiana X. Yang & C.X. Hong (2013)

Yang X and Hong C. 2013. Phytophthora virginiana sp. nov., a high-temperature tolerant species from irrigation water in Virginia. Mycotaxon 126: 167–176.

Corresponding author: yxiao9@vt.edu

Nomenclature

from Yang and Hong (2013)

Mycobank

MB 804533

Etymology

refers to the Commonwealth of Virginia, where the new species was initially recovered

Typification

Type: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Virginia, baited with camellia leaves from irrigation water of an irrigation runoff reservoir in a production perennial nursery, October 2007, collected by Chuanxue Hong; holotype, ATCC MYA-4927

Ex-type: 46A2

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: Phytophthora virginiana isolate 46A2 = ITS rDNA KC295544

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) ATCC MYA-4927, WPC P19829, S&T BL 165 (Abad), 46A2 (Hong)   

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora virginiana isolate 46A2 ITS rDNA KC295544

Phytophthora virginiana isolate CPHST BL 165 (= P19829 WPC) COI MH477761

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora virginiana CPHST BL 165
• NCBI: Phytophthora virginiana 46A2
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora virginiana 
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora virginiana (barcoding COI & ITS)

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
9a

Morphological identification

adapted from Yang and Hong (2013)

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colonies on V8-A, PDA, and MEA with chrysanthemum pattern.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

Sporangia produced in culture plugs submerged in 1.5% soil water extract under light within 10 hours.

Asexual phase

SporangiaSporangia:
sac within which zoospores form, especially when water is cooled to about 10°C below ambient temperature; in solid substrates, sporangia usually germinate by germ tubes
nonpapillatenonpapillate:
pertaining to the production of a non-distinct, or inconspicuous, papilla at the distal end of the sporangium (cf. papillate and semipapillate)
, persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
, ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
to obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
and sometimes limoniform to ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
with distorted shapes such as peanut (av. 51.7 x 32.5 µm), showing internal, nested or extended proliferationextended proliferation:
a type of internal proliferation in which the sporangiophore originates from inside of an empty sporangium, and continues to grow through and out of the old sporangium
, and borne in erect, unbranched sporangiophores with occasional swelling. Hyphal swellings common, often peanut-shaped, angular, or variously distorted in shapes. ChlamydosporesChlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
abundant, thin-walled, spherical, and lateral produced by mature cultures, av. 43.5 µm diam, sometimes on short stalks, with tapered basetapered base:
pertaining to the base of a sporangium or oogonium; funnel-shaped
or clustered. Terminal chlamydosporeschlamydospores:
an asexual spore with a thickened inner wall that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary, and survives for long periods in soil
rare.

Sexual phase

Self-sterile. No sexual organs in single cultures. In the polycarbonate membrane tests, P. virginiana isolates belong to silent A1 mating typemating type:
molecular mechanisms that regulate compatibility in sexual reproduction in heterothallic species (also referred to as compatibility type); typically denoted as A1 or A2
, producing no sexual organ after up to 90-day-pairing, but stimulating A2 mating typemating type:
molecular mechanisms that regulate compatibility in sexual reproduction in heterothallic species (also referred to as compatibility type); typically denoted as A1 or A2
isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Phytophthora cryptogea to produce gametangiagametangia:
part of hypha specialized for fusion in sexual reproduction (see antheridium and oogonium)
after 30-day-pairing at 20°C, 25°C, and room temperature (c. 23°C).

Additional specimen(s) evaluated:

Phytophthora virginiana ex-type CPHST BL 165, duplicate of P19829 (World Phytophthora Collection)

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: North America (USA: VA)
Substrate: isolated from irrigation water
Host:  unknown

Retrieved February 01, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophthora virginiana
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophthora virginiana
• Forest Phytophthora of the world: Phytophthora virginiana
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora virginiana
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophthora virginiana
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophthora virginiana

 

• Google All Phytophthora virginiana
• Google Images Phytophthora virginiana
• Google Scholar Phytophthora virginiana

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.