Name and publication

Phytophthora vulcanica T. Jung, M. Horta Jung, Scanu, Bakonyi & Cacciola (2017)

Jung T, Horta Jung M, Cacciola SO, Cech T, Bakonyi J, Seress D, Mosca S, Schena L, Seddaiu S, Pane A, Magnano di San Lio G, Maia C, Cravador A, Franceschini A, Scanu B. 2017. Multiple new cryptic pathogenic Phytophthora species from Fagaceae forests in Austria, Italy, and Portugal. IMA Fungus 8 (2): 219–244.

Corresponding author e-mail: bscanu@uniss.it

Nomenclature

from Jung et al. (2017)

Mycobank

MB819702

Etymology

refers to the origin of all known isolates from volcanic soil (vulcanica Lat., volcanic)

Typification

Type: ITALY, Sicily; Mount Etna, isolated from rhizosphere soil of a mature Fagus sylvatica tree, May 2013, T. Jung (CBS H-22556–holotype, dried culture on V8A)

Ex-type: CBS 141216 = X3a

Sequences for ex-type in original manuscript: Phytophthora vulcanica isolate X3a = ITS rDNA MF036209, cox1 MF036287

Ex-type in other collections

(ET) CBS 141216, NRRL 64330, S&T BL 223 (Abad), X3a

Molecular identification

Voucher sequences for barcoding genes (ITS rDNA and COI) of the ex-type (see Molecular protocols page)

Phytophthora vulcanica isolate X3a ITS rDNA MF036209

Voucher sequences for Molecular Toolbox with seven genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Voucher sequences for Metabarcoding High-throughput Sequencing (HTS) Technologies [Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU)]

(see Molecular protocols page) (In Progress)

Sequences with multiple genes for ex-type in other sources

• NCBI: Phytophthora vulcanica x3a
• EPPO-Q-bank: Phytophthora vulcanica 
• BOLDSYSTEMS: Phytophthora vulcanica 

Position in multigenic phylogeny with 7 genes (ITS, β-tub, COI, EF1α, HSP90, L10, and YPT1)

Clade clade:
a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor
7a

Morphological identification

adapted from Jung et al. (2017)

Colonies and cardinal temperatures

Colonies on CA, V8A, PDA, and MEA with nondistinct pattern. Optimum growth temperature of 15°C and maximum 25–30°C.

Conditions for growth and sporulation

Sporangia not formed on solid agar but produced in nonsterile soil extract; gametangiagametangia:
part of hypha specialized for fusion in sexual reproduction (see antheridium and oogonium)
produced on V8A cultures.

Asexual phase

Sporangia nonpapillate; persistentpersistent:
pertaining to sporangia that remain attached to the sporangiophore and do not separate or detach easily (cf. caducous)
; ovoidovoid:
egg-shaped, with the widest part at the base of the sporangium and the narrow part at the apex
, elongated, ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
, limoniform, pyriformpyriform:
pear-shaped, with the narrowest part at the base (cf. obpyriform)
, and obpyriformobpyriform:
inversely pear-shaped, i.e. with the widest part at the point of attachment (cf. pyriform)
(35.5–81 μm length x 22.5–43.0 μm width); presenting internal (nested) and extended proliferationextended proliferation:
a type of internal proliferation in which the sporangiophore originates from inside of an empty sporangium, and continues to grow through and out of the old sporangium
; originated on unbranched sporangiophores or in lax sympodiasympodia:
a type of sporangiophore which appears simple, but where each successive sporangium develops on a branch behind and to one side of the previous apex, where growth has already ceased
, or less frequently laterally. Hyphal swellings formed on sporangiophores, subglobose, angular or irregular, and often catenulatecatenulate:
having a chain-like form
. Chlamydospores absent.

Sexual phase

Homothallichomothallic:
pertaining to sexual reproduction that can take place within a single thallus (i.e. self-fertile, non-outcrossing) (cf. heterothallic).
. Oogonia smooth-walled and often with tapered or curved bases, elongated, ellipsoidellipsoid:
refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section; many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic
, to pyriformpyriform:
pear-shaped, with the narrowest part at the base (cf. obpyriform)
or eccentric, or less frequently globoseglobose:
having a rounded form resembling that of a sphere
to subglobose, turning golden-brown during ageing (23–46 μm diam.); antheridia predominantly paragynousparagynous:
pertaining to the sexual stage in which the antheridium is attached to the side of the oogonium (cf. amphigynous)
; oospores predominantly apleroticaplerotic:
pertaining to a mature oospore that does not fill the oogonium; i.e. there is room left between the oospore wall and oogonium wall (cf. plerotic)
(20–38.0 μm diam.) containing a large ooplast. High oogonial abortion rate in most isolates.

Hosts and distribution

Distribution: Europe (Italy)
Substrate: rhizosphere soil
Disease note: pathogenic to roots in pathogenicity tests
Host: Fagus sylvatica (Fagaceae)

Retrieved February 01, 2018 from U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database.

Additional references and links

 

• SMML USDA-ARS: Phytophtora vulcanica
• EPPO Global Database: Phytophtora vulcanica
• Forest Phytophthora of the world: Phytophthora vulcanica
• CABI Digital Library: Phytophthora vulcanica
• Encyclopedia of Life (EOL): Phytophtora vulcanica
• Index Fungorum (IF): Phytophtora vulcanica

 

• Google All Phytophthora vulcanica
• Google Images Phytophthora vulcanica
• Google Scholar Phytophthora vulcanica

Fact sheet author

Z. Gloria Abad, Ph.D., USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory (PPCDL), United States of America.