Acleris Hübner (Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Tortricini)
Acleris is a large genus in the Tortricini that contains approximately 250 species. Most species diversity occurs in the Palearctic and Nearctic regions. Forewing pattern is quite variable in many species and some, such as A. hastiana, have been described as the most variable of all Lepidoptera in terms of markings and coloration. The high diversity of wing patterns has led to the application of over 800 names to members of this group describing the various forms, aberrations, and varieties. Many species have patches of raised scales on the forewings.
Several species are of economic concern. The budworms, A. variana and A. gloveranus, are important forest pests that can cause serious damage to fir (Abies spp.), spruce (Picea spp.), and other Pinaceae. Acleris comariana is a pest of strawberry (Fragaria spp.) and other Rosaceae and has been recently introduced into the Pacific Northwest. Acleris minuta is a minor pest of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), apple (Malus spp.), and plum (Prunus spp.). Other species are minor pests of fruit trees. At least one species (A. zimmermani) has been deliberately introduced outside of its native range as a biological control agent.
It is assumed that any Acleris larvae arriving at United States ports would originate from Europe, although there are no specific records for this genus. Identification of larvae is difficult and molecular diagnostics may be necessary to confirm identity.
Fourteen species are treated here, primarily to aid in identification as non-target captures during CAPS surveys. Twelve are present in the United States, although some introduced species, such as A. comariana and A. holmiana, have a limited distribution.
Exotic species
Adventive species
Native species
Authors: KA Austin, TM Gilligan, ME Epstein
Content last updated May 2025
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