Glossary

aedeagus: the male intromittent organ (penis); see phallus

anal angle: on the hind wing, the angle nearest the end of the abdomen when the wings are expanded

anal comb: a toothed structure on the last abdominal segment used to eject frass away from the feeding larva; also termed anal fork

anal fork: a toothed structure on the last abdominal segment used to eject frass away from the feeding larva; also termed anal comb

anal margin: see anal angle

anal shield: a sclerotized plate on the dorsal surface of the last abdominal segment (in larvae)

anellus: a variably cup-shaped sclerotized sheet surrounding the base of the aedeagus

antennal notch: a concavity in the antenna, most commonly on the scape; present in some Eucosmini, Grapholitini, and Archipini

anterior: before, to the front, toward the head

antrum: in the female genitalia; a funnellike sclerotization anterior to the ostium

apex: the point on the wing furthest removed from the base or at the end of the costa; generally refers to the forewing unless otherwise specified

apophyses: apodemal rods used to extend the ovipositor; divided into the apophyses anteriores and apophyses posteriores

basal fascia: the fascia (transverse band) at the base of the forewing

bifid: cleft, forked, divided into two parts

bursa copulatrix: the female genital chamber that is divided into the ductus bursae and the corpus bursae

capitulum: in reference to the female signum; a knoblike projection

caulis: a rigid stem connecting the juxta and anellus

cestum: a long, bandlike sclerotization of the wall of the ductus bursae

chaetosema: a small sensory organ located above the compound eye in some families of Lepidoptera

chaetotaxy: the arrangement of setae (in reference to Lepidoptera larvae), often depicted on a setal map

coremata: sex scales, usually found in the male

cornutus: spines used to anchor the male vesica in the female bursa during copulation; they can break off (deciduous) or remain fixed (non-deciduous)

corpus bursae: a dilated membranous sac at the anterior end of the bursa copulatrix

costa: the anterior margin of each wing

costal margin: see costa

costal spot: a patch of contrasting scales on the costa, usually a remnant of the postmedian or preterminal fascia

costal strigulae: small, usually pale, semirectangular marks along the costa

crochets: hooked spines on the prolegs of lepidopterous larvae

cubital pecten: a tuft of thin, hair-like scales found near the base of the hindwing

cucullus: the distal portion of the male valva

dash: a short, sharp, black line on the forewing

distal: farthest from body, distant from point of attachment

dorsal: upper, to the top, on the back

dorsal strigulae: semirectangular pale marks or lines extending from the dorsal margin; usually expressed in the Grapholitini

dorsum: the lower (usually posterior) or inner margin of the forewing

ductus bursae: a membranous tube connecting the ostium bursae to the corpus bursae

falcate: narrow, curved and pointed; sickle-shaped; shaped like a bird's beak

fascia: a dark transverse band on the forewing

fasciate: a wing pattern that is comprised primarily of transverse bands (fasciae)

filiform: threadlike, long and slender with uniform cross section

forewing: the anterior wing

forewing costal fold: a flap or fold at the anterior base of the forewing that contains specialized sex scales

frenulum: a single spine (males) or multiple spines (females) that project anteriorly from the base of the hindwing; used to couple the hindwings to the forewings in flight by means of a retinaculum on the forewing; also called acanthus/acanthi

frons: the upper anterior portion of the head (in adults)

FWL: forewing length; the distance from the base of the forewing to the apex, including fringe

gnathos: a narrow bandlike structure in male genitalia that joins the posterolateral edges of the tegumen and supports the anal tube

hair-pencil: specialized sex scales present in many male Lepidoptera that emit pheromones used in attracting a mate, courtship, and/or copulation. These can be present in many different locations in tortricids, including the abdomen, valvae, wings, or legs.

hindwing: the posterior wing

inner margin: see dorsum

labial palpus: a pair of sensory appendages that project from the lower part of the head; usually covered in scales and three-segmented in adults

lateral: to the side

lustrous: bright, shining, metallic

maculation: markings, pattern of spots, bands, blotches, streaks, etc.; can refer to any developmental stage. 

maxillary palpi: a pair of segmented appendages extending from the lower part of the head in adults; usually smaller than the labial palpi and may be reduced or absent in some families

medial: to the middle, center, toward center line

median fascia: the fascia (transverse band) in the middle of the forewing, delimited by costal strigulae pairs 4 and 5

mesothorax: the middle segment of the thorax; can refer to any developmental stage

metathorax: the most posterior thoracic segment; can refer to any developmental stage

mottled: having spots or blotches of color

">ocelloid patch: forewing pattern element—an ovoid region anterior to the tornus, typically only developed in certain Olethreutinae; also called "ocellus" but this can be confused with the structure on the head. 

ocellus: adult head—a simple insect 'eye' located dorsal to the compound eye; plural of ocellus

ostium: see ostium bursae

ostium bursae: the female copulatory orifice; the entrance to the bursa copulatrix

papillae anales: the female ovipositor lobes

pecten: a comblike or rakelike structure located on the first antennal segment

pectinate: with branches or processes like the teeth of a comb

phallus: the male intromittent organ (penis); see aedeagus

pinaculum: flattened sclerotized plates on a caterpillar that bear the setae

plicate: folded or the appearance of having been folded; can refer to internal (e.g., valvae) or external (e.g., forewings) structures

porrect: extending forward horizontally

posterad: towards the posterior

posterior: after, to the rear, toward anal end

posterolateral: towards the rear and side; posterior and lateral

postmedian fascia: the fascia (transverse band) beyond the middle of the forewing, delimited by costal strigulae pairs 6 and 7

preterminal fascia: the fascia (transverse band) near the apex of the forewing, delimited by costal strigulae pairs 8 and 9

prothoracic shield: a sclerotized plate on the dorsal surface of the prothorax in larvae

prothorax: the most anterior thoracic segment; can refer to any developmental stage

proximal: toward the base, nearest the body or point of attachment

reticulations: covered with a network of lines or mesh; in reference to wing pattern, usually thin horizontal lines

retinaculum: a hook or series of bristles on the underside of the forewing used to engage the frenulum to couple the front and hind wings

sacculus: the ventral margin of the male valva

saddle: in reference to the D2 pinacula on larval segment A9; both setae are on a single, fused pinaculum in the mid-dorsal region of the segment

scape: the basal segment of an insect antenna

sclerotized: hardened; usually in reference to larval structures or adult genitalia

scobinate: rasplike

setose: covered with setae

signum: a sclerotized projection or patch on the interior of the corpus bursae; can come in many shapes, sizes, and numbers

sinuate: a curved or wavy margin

socius: a lightly sclerotized, typically setose lobe in male genitalia arising near the top of the tegumen or base of the uncus

spatulate: spoonlike, narrow basally and enlarged and rounded apically

sterigma: the sclerotized region surrounding the female ostium bursae

subbasal fascia: the fascia (transverse band) near the base of the forewing, delimited by costal strigulae pairs 2 and 3

tegumen: dorsal section of the transverse ring in male genitalia; often heavily sclerotized

termen: the outer edge of the forewing

tornus: the junction of the termen and dorsum of the forewing

transtilla: a bar connecting the baso-dorsal corners of the valvae in male genitalia (occasionally incomplete), passing dorsal of the phallus (aedeagus). Often the central portion of the transtilla is not sclerotized so that it appears as paired valve processes. Sometimes the transtilla has paired processes of its own (often called labides or transtilla lobes).

tympanum: a membrane-covered cavity that serves as a hearing organ (not present in Tortricidae)

uncus: a sclerotized process in male genitalia which is fused to the posterodorsal margin of tergum IX

valva: an appendage flanking the intromittent organ in male genitalia that is used to clasp the female during copulation

venation: the network of veins that provide structural support and reinforcement to insect wings

ventral: lower, to the bottom, on the under side

vesica: An eversible sheath in male genitalia in which the phallus (aedeagus) is extended through during mating. In many tortricids, cornuti are embedded in the vesica. 

vinculum: ventral section of the transverse ring in male genitalia