Fact sheet content

Detailed fact sheets for each species and several higher groups are provided under the Fact Sheets tab at the top of the website. Species-level fact sheets contain information on taxonomy, adult recognition, larval morphology, distribution, and biology (including host plants). Genus and tribal-level fact sheets contain information on taxonomy, a general overview of the group, a list of taxa covered in Tortricid ID, selected links, and references. Hover your mouse over a reference for a full citation.

Status

Taxa are listed in one of three categories on each fact sheet: "exotic," "adventive," and "native." Fact sheets for higher-level taxa (tribes, genera) may list more than one category (e.g., Acleris has species that fit all three categories in the contiguous United States). Species present in Hawaii and Puerto Rico are considered "exotic" for the sake of this tool.

"Exotic" species refer to species not native to the contiguous United States and not known to be currently present anywhere in the contiguous United States. Included species all have the potential to be major pests of U.S. agriculture, and they are the highest priority to prevent establishment.
"Adventive" species refer to species that are not native to the contiguous United States but are present and considered beyond eradication at this point. Some are significant pests, while others are not.
"Native" species refer to species that are native to the contiguous United States (i.e., species that were naturally present in the contiguous United States before the arrival of humans). Some are significant pests, but the vast majority are not.

Taxonomy

Under the "Taxonomy" header, we list the current accepted scientific name, its author(s), and its current higher taxonomy (Family: Subfamily: Tribe), as well as common name(s), and synonyms that it may be listed under in earlier publications.

Adult Recognition

Under the "Adult Recognition" header, we list the size of species in terms of forewing length (FWL) in mm, and a general description of the adult moth, useful diagnostic features, and simplified descriptions of male and female genitalia. When available, photos of adult moths and genitalia are provided.

Larval Morphology

Under the "Larval Morphology" header, we include generalized descriptions of the mature larva, including size, color, and remarks on the chaetotaxy, which is useful in making many larval identifications.

Similar Species

Here we list other species that could be easily confused with the treated species, either because of similar adult morphology or larval feeding biology. Links are included to other species with Tortricid ID fact sheets.

Distribution

The full range of the species is described, including both its native range and introduced range for exotic species.

Biology

The life cycle of the species is described, including phenology, ovipositional preferences, known host plants, and mating behavior (when known). A fully searchable and sortable host plant table is provided for each species.

Identification Thumbnail Gallery

A series of thumbnail photos are provided under the Gallery tab. Thumbnail photos can be sorted by subfamily, tribe, and genus, as well as sex, life stage, and view/structure (dorsal/ventral, genitalia, etc.). Several photos of each species are provided (when available) to account for wing pattern variation. Clicking on an image will enlarge it. Clicking on the species name beneath the image will take you to the fact sheet for that species.

PLEASE NOTE: The identification thumbnail gallery contain photos of adults for EVERY species listed in the fact sheets on Tortricid ID. This includes both adult targets, non-targets, and larval targets. The purpose of the thumbnail ID gallery is to provide the user with a broad overview of the variation within each particular subfamily, tribe, and genus, and to provide a quick pictorial overview of the taxa covered in Tortricid ID. The ID thumbnails can also be used for quick species identification if the user is aware that many of the species displayed in the thumbnail gallery are not present in the United States.

If you are attempting to identify tortricid non-targets collected in the United States, more comprehensive online resources are Moth Photographers Group, iNaturalist, or BugGuide.

Materials & Methods

Figures on the fact sheets were photographed by the authors of Tortricid ID unless otherwise credited.

Information in the text as well as host plant information was obtained from the references provided on each fact sheet (hover or click on reference for full citation).

Taxonomic information was retrieved from the Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae:

Gilligan, T. M., J. Baixeras, & J. W. Brown. 2018. T@RTS: Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae (Version 4.0). http://www.tortricidae.com/catalogue.asp.

The bulk of host plant information was obtained from the Food plant database of the leafrollers of the world:

Brown, J. W., G. Robinson & J. A. Powell. 2008. Food plant database of the leafrollers of the world (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Version 1.0.0). http://www.tortricidae.com/foodplants.asp.

In many cases, additional host plant information was obtained from the references provided for each taxon. All plant family assignments were cross-checked against the Plants of the World Online database (https://powo.science.kew.org/). Common names for each species (when available) were also generally assigned using the USDA Plants database (https://plants.usda.gov) with a few select exceptions.

POWO. 2024. Plants of the World Online (https://powo.science.kew.org/). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

USDA, NRCS. 2024. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA.

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