Archips crataegana

Status

EXOTIC

PORT INTERCEPT

Taxonomy

Archips crataegana (Hubner) (Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Archipini)

Common names: brown oak tortrix

Synonyms: confluens (ab.), roborana (Tortrix), rubromaculata (var.)

Subspecies: A. crataegana endoi (Japan)

Adult Recognition

FWL: 9.0–10.5 mm (male); 11.0–13.0 mm (female)

The male forewing is light brown with dark-brown markings. The female forewing is generally darker with more obscured markings and a pronounced apex. The median fascia does not extend to the costa in the male, while it is continuous from the dorsal margin to the costa in the female. The hindwing of both sexes is grayish brown with yellow apical shading present in some females. Males have a forewing costal fold.

Male genitalia are characterized by a finger-like uncus; absent socii; and large, subtriangular, membranous valvae. Female genitalia are characterized by a narrow, long ductus bursae with cestum present; and dagger-like signum present in the corpus bursae.

Larval Morphology

The following account is summarized from Swatschek (1958)Swatschek (1958):
Swatschek, B. 1958. Die larval systematik der wickler (Tortricidae und Carposinidae) aus dem zoologischen Institut der Universitat Erlangen. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin. 269 pp. [Abhandlungen zur larvalsystematik Insekten 3.].

Larvae are approximately 23 mm in length. The abdomen is dark green to black with black pinacula and long white setae. The head, prothoracic shield, thoracic legs, and anal shield are black. An anal comb is present with 6–8 teeth.

Similar Species

Yasuda (1975)Yasuda (1975):
Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251. described Archips crataegana endoi as a subspecies from Japan. He states that it can be separated from the nominate subspecies by its larger size, longer costal fold in the male, and shape of the male sacculus.

Archips crataegana is most similar to A. xylosteana. Males of the two species can be separated by the median fasica, which is continuous to from dorsum to costa in A. xylosteana and does not reach the costa in A. crataegana.

Other Archips species, including Archips grisea and forms of Archips podana and Archips rosana, can appear similar to A. crataegana. A genitalic dissection can be used to confirm species identity.

Distribution

Archips crataegana is distributed across the western Palearctic. Yasuda (1975)Yasuda (1975):
Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251. described A. crataegana endoi from Japan, although Razowski (2002)Razowski (2002):
Razowski, J. 2002. Tortricidae of Europe, Vol. 1, Tortricinae and Chlidanotinae. Frantisek Slamka, Slovakia. 247 pp. states that records of A. crataegana from East Asia are of a different species.

Biology

The following account is summarized from Bradley et al. (1973)Bradley et al. (1973):
Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp..

Archips crataegana completes one generation per year. Adults are present from June through August.

Females deposit eggs on bark in masses of approximately 30 individual eggs. Egg masses are usually deposited high on the tree and appear similar to bird droppings. Eggs overwinter and first instar larvae hatch the following spring. Early instars feed on the underside of the leaf while later instars roll leaves. Pupation occurs in the final larval feeding site.

Larvae of A. crataegana have been reported feeding on a variety of tree species. Host records from East Asia may refer to A. crataegana endoi (Yasuda 1975Yasuda 1975:
Yasuda, T. 1975. The Tortricinae and Sparganothinae of Japan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Part II. Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture, Series B. 27: 79-251.), or possibly another species (Razowski 2002Razowski 2002:
Razowski, J. 2002. Tortricidae of Europe, Vol. 1, Tortricinae and Chlidanotinae. Frantisek Slamka, Slovakia. 247 pp.).

Plant Associations

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