Pandemis heparana

Status

ADVENTIVE

PORT INTERCEPT | DOMESTIC SURVEY

Taxonomy

Pandemis heparana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Archipini)

Common names: dark fruit-tree tortrix

Synonyms: cappana (Tortrix), cappata (Tortrix), carpiniana (Tortrix), fasciana (Pyralis), heperana (Tortrix), jamaicana (Teras), padana (Tortrix), pasquayana (Tortrix), rubrana (Tortrix), subclarana (var.), vulpisana (Lozotaenia )

Adult Recognition

FWL: 8.0–12.0 mm

Adults are medium brown with fasciate markings and light to medium grayish-brown hindwings. Males lack a forewing costal fold and an antennal notch.

Male genitalia are characterized by a broad, quadrate uncus; rounded valvae; and a pistol-shaped phallus. Female genitalia are characterized by a dagger-like signum in the corpus bursae with a large basal plate.

Larval Morphology

The following account is summarized from Swatschek (1958)Swatschek (1958):
Swatschek, B. 1958. Die larval systematik der wickler (Tortricidae und Carposinidae) aus dem zoologischen Institut der Universitat Erlangen. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin. 269 pp. [Abhandlungen zur larvalsystematik Insekten 3.].

Mature larva approximately 20 mm in length; head variably colored from light green to yellowish brown with black lateral markings; prothoracic shield green or yellowish brown with black posterolateral markings; body entirely green and unmarked with moderately large pinacula and long setae; anal fork present with 6–8 teeth.

Similar Species

Pandemis heparana can be separated from other Pandemis included on this site by the grayish-brown hindwings and the lack of dark scales on the second abdominal sternite in the male.

The following table lists a combination of wing color and geographic distribution that can be used to identify many Pandemis individuals collected in the United States.

Species	Forewing color	Hindwing color	Sex scales on male 2nd abd. segment	Distribution
canadana	medium to dark brown	all gray	present	Maine, Colorado, Wyoming, Southern Canada
cerasana	straw to light brown	grayish brown	present	Pacific Northwest, British Columbia; Europe and Asia
heparana	medium brown	light to medium grayish brown	absent	Pacific Northwest; Northeastern United States and neighboring Canada; Europe and Asia
lamprosana	tan to light brown	white to light gray	absent	Eastern United States and neighboring Canada, south to Tennessee/North Carolina
limitata	straw to medium brown	gray and white	present	Eastern United States and neighboring Canada, generally absent in the United States west of the Rocky Mtns.
pyrusana	straw to medium brown	all white	present	Rocky Mtns. west to California, southern Alberta and British Columbia

 

Males have been captured in pheromone traps using pheromones from several other species, including Cacoecimorpha pronubana and Clepsis spectrana.

MacKay (1962a)MacKay (1962a):
MacKay, M. R. 1962a. Larvae of the North American Tortricinae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 28: 1-182. examined several species of Nearctic Pandemis and could find no species-specific larval characters. Diagnostic characters for the genus include: SD2 on A1–8 on same pinaculum as SD1; L1 and L2 anterior to spiracle on A2–8; SV group on A1,2,7,8,9 usually 3:3:3:2:2; D2s on A8 as far apart as D1s; D1 on A9 on its own pinaculum; anal setae very long; anal comb with 6–8 teeth.

Distribution

Pandemis heparana is widely distributed in the Palearctic from Western Europe to Asia. In North America it has been introduced to the Pacific Northwest. The first North American records are from British Columbia in 1978 (Doğanlar and Bierne 1979Doğanlar and Bierne 1979:
Doğanlar, M., Beirne, B. P. 1979. Pandemis heparana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a tortricid new to North America, established in British Columbia. Canadian Entomologist. 111: 970.). It is now also present in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. 

Biology

The following account is summarized from Bradley et al. (1973)Bradley et al. (1973):
Bradley, J. D., Tremewan, W. G., Smith, A. 1973. British Tortricoid Moths, Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray Society, London. 251 pp..

In Europe, Pandemis heparana completes one or two generations per year. Adults are present June-July for the first generation and August-September for the second generation.

Females deposit eggs in masses on the upper surface of leaves. Larvae feed on leaves and construct a hibernaculum in the second or third instar in which to overwinter. Larvae resume feeding in the spring. Pupation occurs in the final larval feeding site.

Larvae of Pandemis heparana are polyphagous and have been recorded feeding on plants in more than 20 families. This species is considered an occasional orchard pest.

Plant Associations

View full screen host table here

Links

Additional photos and a distribution map of this species in North America are available at Moth Photographers Group.